Filariae from a wild gorilla in Gabon with description of a new species ofMansonella

Abstract

A search for filariae was performed on a wild male Gorilla g. gorilla from the Lope Reserve in Gabon, which had died as a result of injuries inflicted by another male gorilla. A female worm of Loa loa and female worms of two species of Mansonella were recovered from the deep tissues of a Histological sections of organs of this gorilla also showed a microfilaria of M. (E) leopoldi in the blood vessels of the liver, and a male of Mansonella sp., interestingly situated in an afferent lymphatic vessel of an axillary lymph node. The diversity of the Mansonella (Esslingeria) species in Africa, compared to the small number of hosts, may have resulted from successive speciations in the hosts, or might be a survival of a parasite fauna diversified at the time of the radiation of the African apes (first half of Miocene).

Affinities betweenCutifilaria(Nematoda: Filarioidea), parasites of deer, andMansonellaas seen in a new onchocercid,M. (C.) perforatan. sp., from Japan

“…2J). (Orihel, 1984;Bain et al, 1995). In addition, the measurements of Japanese specimens seem to be slightly different from those of C. wenki ; smaller body width of adult worms, longer body of the microfilariae, shorter spicules, and shorter tail of the males (Table I) Many microfilariae of M. (C.) perforata were found near the adult worms, as suggested by Schulz-Key (1975) for C. wenki from red deer.…”

In Silico Identification of Novel Biomarkers and Development of New Rapid Diagnostic Tests for the Filarial Parasites Mansonella perstans and Mansonella ozzardi

“…Multiple species of Mansonella have been identified in Africa including M . streptocerca , M. rodhaini , Mansonella vanhoofi , Mansonella leopoldi and Mansonella lopeenis 7,24,65 . For such closely related species, nested-PCR can be problematic 32–34,38,40 as a slight change in amplification conditions can result in an assay becoming non species-specific 10,57 .…”

“…Given the largely non-specific clinical symptoms presented in mansonelliasis and the difficulty of detecting adult parasites 5,24 , definitive diagnosis rests on detection of mf in skin or blood samples 25–28 . In addition to the commonly used thick blood smear method, concentration techniques including Knott’s method or polycarbonate membrane filtration may be employed for low-density microfilaremias 5 .…”

“…steptocerca are readily distinguished from other mf by their hooked-shaped tails, whereas M . rodhaini mf are distinguished by their long length 24 . M .…”

Review of the genus Mansonella Faust, 1929 sensu lato (Nematoda: Onchocercidae), with descriptions of a new subgenus and a new subspecies

“…Simonsen et al 2011), in Colombia (Kozek et al 1983, Venezuela (Beaver et al 1976), Guyana (Orihel 1967), and in Central and South America (Nelson 1965;Anderson 2000); Gorilla gorilla (Savage) and Pan troglodytes (Blumenbach) in Cameroon (Reichenow 1917 , and Colombia (Yates & Hellner 1989). -Mansonella (E.) lopeensis Bain, Moisson, Huerre, Landsoud-Soukate & Tutin, 1995 from Gorilla gorilla gorilla in Gabon (Bain et al 1995). -Mansonella (E.) rodhaini (Peel & Chardome, 1946) [syns.…”