Filipino Nurses in the United States

Hayne, Arlene N.; Gerhardt, Clara; Davis, John C.

doi:10.1177/1043659609334927

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…At the micro-level, individual reflections on the country’s political and economic situation and the desire for career advancement influence the decision to migrate. These findings echo the results of previous research [32–40]. Individuals may feel pushed to migrate due to the poor wages offered to HRH and pulled to migrate by the prospect of better social, economic, and professional opportunities abroad and by the presence of overseas kin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

An examination of the causes, consequences, and policy responses to the migration of highly trained health personnel from the Philippines: the high cost of living/leaving—a mixed method study

et al. 2017

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BackgroundDramatic increases in the migration of human resources for health (HRH) from developing countries like the Philippines can have consequences on the sustainability of health systems. In this paper, we trace the outflows of HRH from the Philippines, map out its key causes and consequences, and identify relevant policy responses.MethodsThis mixed method study employed a decentered, comparative approach that involved three phases: (a) a scoping review on health workers’ migration of relevant policy documents and academic literature on health workers’ migration from the Philippines; and primary data collection with (b) 37 key stakeholders and (c) household surveys with seven doctors, 329 nurses, 66 midwives, and 18 physical therapists.ResultsFilipino health worker migration is best understood within the context of macro-, meso-, and micro-level factors that are situated within the political, economic, and historical/colonial legacy of the country. Underfunding of the health system and un- or underemployment were push factors for migration, as were concerns for security in the Philippines, the ability to practice to full scope or to have opportunities for career advancement. The migration of health workers has both negative and positive consequences for the Philippine health system and its health workers. Stakeholders focused on issues such as on brain drain, gain, and circulation, and on opportunities for knowledge and technology transfer. Concomitantly, migration has resulted in the loss of investment in human capital. The gap in the supply of health workers has affected the quality of care delivered, especially in rural areas. The opening of overseas opportunities has commercialized health education, compromised its quality, and stripped the country of skilled learning facilitators. The social cost of migration has affected émigrés and their families. At the household level, migration has engendered increased consumerism and materialism and fostered dependency on overseas remittances. Addressing these gaps requires time and resources. At the same time, migration is, however, seen by some as an opportunity for professional growth and enhancement, and as a window for drafting more effective national and inter-country policy responses to HRH mobility.ConclusionsUnless socioeconomic conditions are improved and health professionals are provided with better incentives, staying in the Philippines will not be a viable option. The massive expansion in education and training designed specifically for outmigration creates a domestic supply of health workers who cannot be absorbed by a system that is underfunded. This results in a paradox of underservice, especially in rural and remote areas, at the same time as underemployment and outmigration. Policy responses to this paradox have not yet been appropriately aligned to capture the multilayered and complex nature of these intersecting phenomena.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

An examination of the causes, consequences, and policy responses to the migration of highly trained health personnel from the Philippines: the high cost of living/leaving—a mixed method study

et al. 2017

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“…A partnership between a university and a healthcare organisation to support employer-sponsored visa program may be one structural solution allowing for sharing of resources in both academic and clinical arenas and meet the learning needs of immigrant nurses while meeting the employer's expectations in recruiting these nurses. Innovative adaptation programs are reported in the literature with two features: targeting immigrant nurses' learning needs in academic settings and providing mentoring or preceptorship in clinical settings (Boylston and Burnett, 2010, Hayne et al, 2009, Thekdi et al, 2011. A program for Korean nurses to gain registration in USA reported by Boylston & Burnett (2010) was offered through a partnership between a hospital and an education institution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the integration of immigrant nurses into the nursing workforce: A double hermeneutic study

Xiao

Willis

Jeffers

2014

International Journal of Nursing Studies

134

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“…The scale consists of the following three dimensions: the Occupational Role Questionnaire (ORQ) (60 items), the Personal Strain Questionnaire (PSQ) (40 items) and the Personal Resources Questionnaire (PRQ) (40 items).The respondent scores the frequency of a particular behaviour on a Likert scale from 1 (never) to 5 (often). 20 For the ORQ and PSQ, a higher score indicates more nervousness. A higher score for the PRQ indicates that the respondent has a stronger ability to cope with tension.…”

Section: Measurement Of Occupational Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between occupational stress and job burnout among rural-to-urban migrant workers in Dongguan, China: a cross-sectional study

Luo

Yang

et al. 2016

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesIn China, there have been an increasing number of migrant workers from rural to urban areas, and migrant workers have the highest incidence of occupational diseases. However, few studies have examined the impact of occupational stress on job burnout in these migrant workers. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between occupational stress and job burnout among migrant workers.DesignThis study used a cross-sectional survey.SettingThis investigation was conducted in Dongguan city, Guangdong Province, China.Participants3806 migrant workers, aged 18–60 years, were randomly selected using multistage sampling procedures.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMultistage sampling procedures were used to examine demographic characteristics, behaviour customs and job-related data. Hierarchical linear regression and logistic regression models were constructed to explore the relationship between occupational stress and burnout.ResultsDemographics, behaviour customs and job-related characteristics significantly affected on burnout. After adjusting for the control variable, a high level of emotional exhaustion was associated with high role overload, high role insufficiency, high role boundary, high physical environment, high psychological strain, high physical strain, low role ambiguity, low responsibility and low vocational strain. A high level of depersonalisation was associated with high role overload, high role ambiguity, high role boundary, high interpersonal strain, high recreation, low physical environment and low social support. A low level of personal accomplishment was associated with high role boundary, high role insufficiency, low responsibility, low social support, low physical environment, low self-care and low interpersonal strain. Compared to the personal resources, the job strain and personal strain were more likely to explain the burnout of rural-to-urban migrant workers in our study.ConclusionsThe migrant workers have increased job burnouts in relation to occupational stress. Relieving occupational stress and maintaining an appropriate quantity and quality of work could be important measures for preventing job burnout among these workers.

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Filipino Nurses in the United States

Cited by 32 publications

References 17 publications

An examination of the causes, consequences, and policy responses to the migration of highly trained health personnel from the Philippines: the high cost of living/leaving—a mixed method study

An examination of the causes, consequences, and policy responses to the migration of highly trained health personnel from the Philippines: the high cost of living/leaving—a mixed method study

Factors affecting the integration of immigrant nurses into the nursing workforce: A double hermeneutic study

Relationship between occupational stress and job burnout among rural-to-urban migrant workers in Dongguan, China: a cross-sectional study

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