Filler Dispersion, Network Density, and Tire Rolling Resistance

Nikiel, Leszek; Gerspacher, M.; Yang, H. H.; O'farrell, C. P.

doi:10.5254/1.3544948

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…At sufficient filler content, a conductive network is formed. 42,46,47 This gives rise to a change in slope of the resistivity versus concentration curve in the vicinity of 30 phr carbon black. This is consistent with the mechanical data in Figures 3 and 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Filler Dispersion in Hyperbranched Polyisobutylene

Roland

Robertson

Nikiel³

et al. 2004

Rubber Chemistry and Technology

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The microdispersion of carbon black filler in linear and hyperbranched polyisobutylene (PIB) was assessed from dynamic mechanical and volume resistivity measurements. While no significant differences were observed in the carbon black concentration necessary for formation of a filler network, in comparison to the linear polymer, the highly branched PIB was found to have substantially more carbon black agglomeration. This occurs despite its higher viscosity, due to the relative inaccessibility of large portions of the molecule, as a result of the profuse treelike branching. The consequence is more extensive interaggregate interaction, and thus a larger Payne effect and greater mechanical hysteresis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Volume resistivities were obtained using the alternating polarity method. 42 The current was repeatedly measured (Keithley Instruments 6517A electrometer) after application of DC voltages of alternating polarity. The use of a reversing polarity circumvents problems with residual charges and decaying background currents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filler Dispersion in Hyperbranched Polyisobutylene

Roland

Robertson

Nikiel³

et al. 2004

Rubber Chemistry and Technology

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“…[48][49][50][56][57][58][59][60] When the particles are electrically conductive (e.g., carbon black), electrical resistance testing is another useful method to study the structure of the percolated filler network. [61][62][63][64] With the exception of transmission electron microtomography, 65,66 it is difficult to observe differences in the three-dimensional nature of jammed particle networks using microscopy. For example, the unmodified silica-filled SBR and the compound with 3.6 phr MPTMS added have very different extents of filler networking based on G versus strain amplitude data (Figure 4), yet TEM images of these two distinct compounds are quite similar as demonstrated in Figure 6.…”

Section: Flocculation Reinforcement and Glass Transition Effects 511mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flocculation, Reinforcement, and Glass Transition Effects in Silica-Filled Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

Robertson

Lin

Bogoslovov

et al. 2011

Rubber Chemistry and Technology

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The introduction of silanes to improve processability and properties of silica-reinforced rubber compounds is critical to the successful commercial use of silica as a filler in tires and other applications. The use of silanes to promote polymer-filler interactions is expected to limit the development of a percolated filler network and may also affect the mobility of polymer chains near the particles. Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) was reinforced with silica particles at a filler volume fraction of 0.19, and various levels of filler-filler shielding agent (n-octyltriethoxysilane) and polymerfiller coupling agent (3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane) were incorporated. Both types of silane inhibited the filler flocculation process during annealing the uncured rubber materials, thus reducing the magnitude of the Payne effect. In contrast to the significant reinforcement effects noted in the strain-dependent shear modulus, the bulk modulus from hydrostatic compression was largely unaltered by the silanes. Addition of polymer-filler linkages using the coupling agent yielded bound rubber values up to 71%; however, this bound rubber exhibited glass transition behavior which was similar to the bulk SBR response, as determined by calorimetry and viscoelastic testing. Modifying the polymer-filler interface had a strong effect on the nature of the filler network, but it had very little influence on the segmental dynamics of polymer chains proximate to filler particles.

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“…Besides, SBR does not belong to selfreinforcing rubber, because its segments lack short-range regular arrangement and does not form a paracrystalline structure during service life. [5][6][7][8][9][10] With the purpose of overcoming the drawbacks of rubber antioxidant, Ismail et al prepared polyaniline which was one kind of high molecular weight antioxidant. 1 In order to cover the shortages of SBR, rubber antioxidants, such as 4010-NA and 4020, and reinforcing llers, say carbon black and silica, were used to improve the usability of SBR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nanosilica-based immobile antioxidant on thermal oxidative degradation of SBR

et al. 2015

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A new kind of nanosilica-based immobile antioxidant (RT-silica) consisting of nanosilica, antioxidant intermediate p-aminodiphenylamine (RT) and silane coupling agent 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560) was successfully synthesized via a grafting reaction in our laboratory. It was revealed that the anti-oxidation performance of the SBR/RT-silica composite was far superior to that of the SBR/silica composite, especially at high temperature, based on the results of non-isothermal oxidation induction time (OIT) tests. The calculation of protection factors (PFs) based on two non-Arrhenius temperature functions showed that silica possessed an acceleration effect on the aging of the SBR matrix. According to the results of tensile tests, the SBR/RT-silica composites exhibited more preeminent mechanical properties and residual rates during accelerated aging, in comparison with the SBR/silica composites. The affections of RT-silica on the cross-linking network of the SBR matrix were investigated via a tube model, demonstrating that RT-silica can't change the cross-linking density, but can induce the chain entanglement of rubber molecular chains. Moreover, the calculated values of degradation activation energy of SBR composites via the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method and Friedman method showed that RT-silica changed the thermal-oxidative aging mechanism of the SBR matrix.

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Filler Dispersion, Network Density, and Tire Rolling Resistance

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Filler Dispersion in Hyperbranched Polyisobutylene

Filler Dispersion in Hyperbranched Polyisobutylene

Flocculation, Reinforcement, and Glass Transition Effects in Silica-Filled Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

Effect of nanosilica-based immobile antioxidant on thermal oxidative degradation of SBR

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