Film casting on water

Smolin, Michael F.; Smolin, Edwin M.

doi:10.1021/ed043p560

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…[20], the fact that these latter works consider PR boxes only as abstract correlations means that they make assumptions that may not hold in any theory that allows PR boxes. 12 In general, a theory with well defined dynamics is needed before cryptography, or indeed other types of information processing, such as computation, can be discussed. GNST is such a theory.…”

Section: Information Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For any theory, whether it applies to Nature or not, one can consider the information processing possibilities of this theory, the differences from those of classical or quantum theory, and attempt to trace these possibilities back to the fundamental features of the theory. Some authors have indeed investigated unrealistic theo- * Electronic address: jbarrett@perimeterinstitute.ca ries, with a view to understanding the relevant features [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Information processing in generalized probabilistic theories

2007

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I introduce a framework in which a variety of probabilistic theories can be defined, including classical and quantum theories, and many others. From two simple assumptions, a tensor product rule for combining separate systems can be derived. Certain features, usually thought of as specifically quantum, turn out to be generic in this framework, meaning that they are present in all except classical theories. These include the non-unique decomposition of a mixed state into pure states, a theorem involving disturbance of a system on measurement (suggesting that the possibility of secure key distribution is generic), and a no-cloning theorem. Two particular theories are then investigated in detail, for the sake of comparison with the classical and quantum cases. One of these includes states that can give rise to arbitrary non-signalling correlations, including the super-quantum correlations that have become known in the literature as Nonlocal Machines or Popescu-Rohrlich boxes. By investigating these correlations in the context of a theory with well-defined dynamics, I hope to make further progress with a question raised by Popescu and Rohrlich, which is, why does quantum theory not allow these strongly nonlocal correlations? The existence of such correlations forces much of the dynamics in this theory to be, in a certain sense, classical, with consequences for teleportation, cryptography and computation. I also investigate another theory in which all states are local. Finally, I raise the question of what further axiom(s) could be added to the framework in order uniquely to identify quantum theory, and hypothesize that quantum theory is optimal for computation.

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Section: Information Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information processing in generalized probabilistic theories

2007

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“…The (unnormalized) state of the LO field after M detections is given in Eq. (10). By tracing out the remaining packets as Tr (|αe iϕ αe iϕ |) ⊗(N −M ) = 1, the joint probability distribution of the outcomes is calculated as…”

Section: Joint Probability Distribution In Homodyne Detectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This provides a typical example for the apparent relevance of the coherent state as the laser field. Then, there have been a lot of debates concerning the quantum state of laser and optical coherence (see [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], and references therein). The essential problem is whether the use of the coherent state of Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical homodyne detection in view of the joint probability distribution

Kawakubo¹,

Yamamoto²

2010

Phys. Rev. A

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Optical homodyne detection is examined in view of the joint probability distribution. The usual view is that the relative phase between independent laser fields is localized by photon-number measurements in interference experiments such as homodyne detection. This is why operationally coherent states for laser fields are used in the description of homodyne detection and optical quantum-state tomography. Here, we elucidate these situations by considering the joint probability distribution and the invariance of homodyne detection under the phase transformation of optical fields.

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“…18 in a subsequent work [20]. Besides those, a few authors have joined the controversy [21,22,23]. In fact, Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Picture Invariance in Quantum Optics

Hwang¹

2008

J. Korean Phy. Soc.

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We clarify the controversy over coherent-state (CS) versus number-state (NS) pictures in quantum optics. The NS picture is equivalent to the CS picture, as long as phase φ in laser fields are randomly distributed, as Mølmer argues. However, claim by Rudolph and Sanders [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 077903 (2001)] has a few gaps. First they make an assumption that is not necessarily true in calculation of a density operator involved with two-mode squeezed state. We show that there exists entanglement in the density operator without defying the assumption that phases are randomly distributed. Moreover, using a concept of picture-invariance, we argue that it is not that criteria for quantum teleportation are not satisfied. We discuss an analogy between the controversy on the CS versus NS pictures to that on the heliocentric versus geocentric pictures. PACS: 03.65. Ud, 03.67.Dd, 42.50.Ar Besides continuing controversies over its implication on our understanding about physical world [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], quantum mechanics is still revealing its hidden aspects, now in a form of quantum information processing [6].Coherent-state (CS) picture has been successful in describing quantum optical phenomena [7,8,9]. However, the fact that a picture is successful does not exclude possibility of other pictures. Indeed it is not that the CS picture is the only choice [10].Quantum teleportation (QT) [11] is an interesting ingredient of quantum information processing: Utilizing nonlocality of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs of [1,2,3] quantum bits (qubits), QT enables us to do a task whose result is equivalent to actual transportation of qubits. Recently, a quantum optical experiment was performed by Furusawa et al [12] to demonstrate continuousvariable version [13,14] of QT.

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Film casting on water

Abstract: The solution casting of films of common plastics on water can provide a simple, rapid method for a classroom demonstration of the formation of transparent films.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Information processing in generalized probabilistic theories

Information processing in generalized probabilistic theories

Optical homodyne detection in view of the joint probability distribution

Picture Invariance in Quantum Optics

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