Filmowa neoawangarda i początki sztuki video

Abstract

<p>Artykuł w syntetyczny sposób omawia najważniejsze zjawiska filmu eksperymentalnego w kontekście pojęcia i praktyki sztuki neoawangardowej od II połowy lat 60. do połowy lat 70. XX wieku. Na początku przypomniana została pierwsza i druga faza rozwoju filmu eksperymentalnego w związku z istnieniem tzw. Wielkiej Awangardy oraz z działalnością jej kontynuatorów po Ii wojnie światowej w USA. Nastepnie zdefiniowane zostało pojęcie neoawangardy w odniesieniu do ujęcia, które zparoponował Frank Popper. W dalszej części artykułu jego autor omawia zasady oraz najważniejsze przykłady filmów neoawangardowych m. in: film strukturalny, kino porzeszone, intermedia. Ważną częścią artykułu jest przedstawienie początków, idei oraz najważniejszych rodzajów sztuki video. W artykule omówione zostały filmy takich autorów jak m. in. Paul Sharits, Peter Kubelka, Peter Campus, Bill Viola i innych.</p><p> </p><strong>Film Neo-Avant-garde and the Beginnings of Video Art</strong><p>SUMMARY</p><p>The article comprehensively discusses the most important phenomena of experimental film in the context of the concept and practice of neo-avant-garde art from the latter half of the nineteen-sixties to the mid-nineteen-seventies. The paper begins by referring to the first and second phase of the development of experimental film in connection with the existence of the so-called Great Avant-garde and the activity of its continuators after World War Two in the USA. The text then defines the concept of neo-avant-garde in relation to the interpretation proposed by Frank Popper. The article then discusses the principles and the most important examples of neo-avant-garde films, inter alia structural film, widened cinema, or intermedia. An important part of the article is the presentation of the beginnings, idea and the major types of video art. The paper also discusses the films by such authors as inter alia Paul Sharits, Peter Kubelka, Peter Campus, Bill Viola, and others.</p>

Anion Control of Lanthanoenediyne Cyclization

“…With the largest radius of any metal studied, this may be due to lanthanum's ability to host larger coordination numbers where increased solvent coordination may temper the metal-macrocycle interaction. 50,51 This outlier aside, the Δδ of both 1 H and 13 C resonances shows only a very modest dependence on the identity of the metal ion, mirroring the trends in cyclization temperature and suggesting structural similarity across the f block for complexes of the same anion. Combined, these observations show that the degree of electron density at the alkyne carbons is controlled by the relative Lewis acidity of the cation, which is in turn modulated by the basicity of the anion.…”

“…31,32,47,48 In general, control of the bite angle of an enediynebearing ligand alters the interalkynyl distance, consequently tuning the barrier to Bergman cyclization. In the lanthanide arena, the nuclear penetration of the f electrons renders ligand field theory moot, 49,50 and the extent of metal-ligand interaction is strongly tempered by the affinity of the accompanying anion. 51 Therefore, in this study, the coordination strength of the anion was varied to tune the degree of the lanthanide-macrocycle interaction in order to evaluate the effects on the Bergman cyclization temperature of the complex.…”