‘Fin de siècle’ corruption: change, crisis and shifting values

Os sentidos da pesquisa sobre corrupção

“…Articles devoted exclusively to literature reviews is something very rare, so the organization of such studies becomes an important task for future research in the field. Among the texts that use some kind of revision or systematization of the literature are Brei (1996b), Torsello and Venard (2016), Judge, McNatt and Xu (2010), Mény (1996), Biason (2012a) and Filgueiras (2008b).…”

“…Judge, McNatt, and Xu (2010), in turn, conduct a literature mapping process that relies on the meta-analysis of 42 empirical studies, which classify scientific production on corruption in three broad areas: political or legal, economic and sociocultural. Mény (1996) makes his contribution by explaining how the phenomenon of corruption gained prominence over time and how, by becoming more complex, it gave rise to different modes of interpretation. Biason (2012a) outlines the main theories of corruption (personalistic, functionalistic, legalistic, economic, political, etc.…”

4. The Business of Bribery: Globalization, Economic Liberalization, and the 'Problem' of Corruption

“…First, there is the growing concentration of corruption in developing countries with fragile or underdeveloped democratic institutions and capitalist market structures (Klitgaard, 1988). In this context, corruption is seen as a serious threat to the objectives of political and economic stability within a liberaldemocratic model (Klitgaard, 1988;Meny, 1996). A recent press release from the non-government organization Transparency International serves as a strong testimonial to this concern, "... the impact of bribery on peoples lives and on democracy is greatest in the poorest countries and those in transition to free market systems.…”

“…The profundity of these social, political, and economic changes is clearly articulated by Meny (1996) The corollary of this process of liberalization is the establishment of an effective system of economic governance through which emerging market economies may be integrated into the global economic order. The need for such a scheme stems from the reality that with rapid economic liberalization has come the emergence of a number of new market economies which are now open to global capital flows, and yet which lack the institutional and regulatory frameworks through which these trade and investment flows may be regulated.…”

Conviction and Punishment

“…It has been found, for instance, that corruption remains rampant in some democracies, particularly the so-called illiberal democracies that have adopted a competitive election system without establishing basic rights and civil liberties, such as the freedom of the press (Della Mény 1997a, 1997b;Varese 1997;Stasavage 1999;Theobald and Williams 1999). 1 The counter-evidence suggests that democratic institutions are not equally effective in corruption control, and that the adoption of less effective democratic institutions, rather than more effective ones, may not help to check corruption (Harriss-White and White 1996;Mény 1996;RoseAckerman 1999;Chowdhury 2004).…”