Investments in agriculture, particularly in smallholder agriculture in developing countries, are regarded as critical for meeting the food demands of a growing world population. 3 Improvements in agricultural finance, mainly in providing investment credit to farmers, are widely regarded as an important approach to stimulate production. 4 While this is certainly true, it is only part of the story. Agriculture-related physical and market infrastructure have been widely neglected in the discussion despite their immense relevance for making food available in developing countries-and as a precondition for farmers to produce at all. In this chapter, we describe the investment and financing needs of every step in the food production and distribution chain: from farm to fork, from pasture to plate, or from barnyard to belly. Take your pick. 1 Commercialisation of Farming as an Opportunity The global economic framework for agricultural production has changed significantly in recent years. Most importantly, after decades of stagnating commodity prices, prices for agricultural produce, processed as well as non-processed, have significantly increased and are expected to increase further. Population growth and increased demand for high-value food products-particularly in the big emerging markets-are the underlying factors that indicate a continuing challenge. 5 This