“…Nevertheless, from the limited empirical studies that have been performed, four main conclusions have materialised: i) Financial development Granger-causes investment (see, among others, Xu, 2000;Caporale, Howells, Soliman, 2005;Rousseau, Vuthipadadorn, 2005;Chaudry, 2007;Carp, 2012;Hamdi, Hakimi, Sbia, 2013;Asongu, 2014;Muyambiri, Odhiambo, 2016); ii) investment Granger-causes financial development (see Odhiambo, 2010;Muyambiri, Odhiambo, 2017a); iii) there is a bidirectional causality between financial development and investment (Shan, Morris, Sun, 2001;Shan, Jianhong, 2006;Lu et al, 2007;Nazlioglu et al, 2009;Huang, 2011;Muyambiri, Odhiambo, 2017b); and iv) no causal relationship exists between the two variables (Majid, 2008;Shan, Morris, 2002;Marques et al, 2013). Table 1 gives a summary of the previous studies, which have been conducted on the causal relationship between financial development and investment.…”