Islamic societies have in contemporary times lagged Western societies in income, growth, and human-development indicators. The supreme values of radical Islam further de-prioritize economic achievement and impose self-deprivation on own populations. This paper investigates the reasons for economic outcomes under Islam. Contemporary illustrations are also provided of the self-deprivation predicted from pursuit of the supreme-value objectives of radical Islam. The self-deprivation is placed in a rent-seeking context. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007Radical Islam, Institutions, Economic growth, Supreme values, Rent seeking, Rent protection, Oil wealth, Gender relations, Demographic contestability, Cultural relativism, Personal security, O1, Z12, N35,