“…As can be seen from the above studies, previous researches have investigated the effect of SMU on organizational performance of companies from various industries as telecommunication (Nyambu, 2013), advertising (Smits and Mogos, 2013;Mwangi and Wagoki, 2016) manufacturing (Surin and Wahab, 2013), tourism (Akmese et al, 2016), microfinance (Daowd, 2016;Okari, 2017) and hotel (Tajvidi and Karami, 2017). In various countries such as Kenya (Nyambu, 2013;Njeri, 2013;Mwangi and Wagoki, 2016;Okari, 2017), Malaysia (Surin and Wahab, 2013;Tajudeen, 2014;Parveen et al, 2015), Finland (Karjaluotort et al, 2015, Iran (Vazifedoost and Farzin, 2015) and Portugal (Franco et al, 2016).…”