Fine-Dust-Induced Skin Inflammation: Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan Protects Keratinocytes and Underlying Fibroblasts in an Integrated Culture Model

Abstract

Prolonged exposure to fine dust (FD) increases the risk of skin inflammation. Stimulated epidermal cells release growth factors into their extracellular environment, which can induce inflammation in dermal cells. Algae are considered rich sources of bioactive materials. The present study emphasized the effect of low-molecular-weight fucoidan isolated from Sargassum confusum (LMF) against FD-induced inflammation in HaCaT keratinocytes and underneath fibroblasts (HDFs) in an integrated culture model. HDFs were treated with media from FD-stimulated HaCaT with LMF treatments (preconditioned media). The results suggested that FD increased the oxidative stress in HaCaT, thereby increasing the sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle up to 587%, as revealed via flow cytometric analysis. With preconditioned media, HDFs also displayed oxidative stress; however, the increase in the sub-G1 phase was insignificant compared with HaCaT. LMF dose-dependently regulated the NF-κB/MAPK signaling in HaCaT. Furthermore, significant downregulation in NF-κB/MAPK signaling, as well as inflammatory cytokines, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, matrix metalloproteinases, and reduction in relative elastase and collagenase activities related to the extracellular matrix degeneration were observed in HDFs with a preconditioned media treatment. Therefore, we concluded that HDFs were protected from inflammation by preconditioned media. Continued research on tissue culture and in vivo studies may reveal the therapeutic potential of LMF.

Osteogenic and Protective Effects of Erucic Acid and Erucic Acid-Induced Exosomes against Fine Dust

“…As erucic acid is considered a toxicant, this compound could be a better cosmetic biomaterial with greater safety for the skin than a functional food additive. According to previous studies [30,31], fine dust causes an increase in ROS in dermal cells, and here we show that erucic acid induced an increase in anti-ROS proteins, including AKT, P52, P50, and BCL2, in fibroblasts (Figure 2).…”

The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan from Sargassum siliquastrum in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages via Inhibiting NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways

“…The protective effect of FSSQ against intracellular ROS production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was investigated by using DCF-DA assay [ 15 ]. Following a 24 h incubation period, cells were treated with FSSQ sample doses and incubated for 1 h. Then cells were stimulated with LPS.…”

“…In another study, the LMF from S. horneri indicated protective effects via regulating inflammatory reactions and disrupted skin barrier functions in fine-dust-stimulated keratinocytes [ 13 ]. One of our previous studies found that LMF refined by S. confusum on FD-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes recovered the cells from inflammatory reactions and protected underneath dermal fibroblasts from inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation [ 15 ].…”

Effects of fucoidan on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant ability, digestive enzyme activity, and hepatic morphology in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

“…Fucoidan is a type of natural active polysaccharide mainly extracted from marine brown algae (Pomin, 2015) containing sufficient L-fucose and sulfate eater groups (Li et al, 2008). Fucoidan has been found to be effective at growth promotion (Dawood et al, 2018;Fazio et al, 2019) and gastrointestinal function regulation (Cui et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2020), and to have anti-inflammatory (Kirindage et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2022), anti-oxidation (Sony et al, 2019;Abdel-Daim et al, 2020;Mahgoub et al, 2020), anti-tumor (Han et al, 2015a;Han et al, 2015b;Jin et al, 2022), anti-bacterial (Yu et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2021), and immunomodulatory (Wang et al, 2019;Ikeda-Ohtsubo et al, 2020) properties. Recently, fucoidan has attracted the attention of aquatic animal researchers.…”