Fine-grained QoS provisioning with micropayments in wireless networks

Abstract

In the era of 5G and beyond, advanced network technologies will be adopted along with providing high, diverse Quality of Service (QoS) levels of network services. In such a context, it is necessary to have a more flexible and responsive network provisioning system than the existing ones in 4G. This paper addresses the issue of fine-grained QoS provisioning with payment, which benefits the users and providers. As a solution, we propose Software Defined Networking (SDN)-based QoS provisioning with IOTA micropayments (SQI), which allocates the guaranteed QoS service on a per-network flow or per-user basis after confirmed payment. Different from the previous works, SQI can provide both bandwidths and delay guaranteed services, which leverage the SDN technology. Additionally, SQI can support concurrently multiple network flows, e.g., from different clients. Besides, SQI adopts the (public) IOTA Tangle 1.5, which is more lightweight and faster than the previous IOTA versions. Moreover, SQI includes a private IOTA Tangle that can be tunable to speed up the transaction process. We have implemented SQI using Mininet-WiFi, the POX SDN controller, and IOTA 1.5 and evaluated SQI in various scenarios. The evaluation results show that SQI can provide expected delay and bandwidth (with micropayments) to one and multiple flows. We have also compared the processing request duration of the public IOTA and private ones to reveal the appealing feature of private IOTA.

QoE Provisioning System for VoIP and Video Streaming Using Software-Defined Networking and IOTA Micropayment

“…Once the client and POX have completed the micropayment process, POX proceeds with the QoE provisioning. Since the micropayment method is similar to the one in [3], we omit the results of confirmation payments here. The recorded QoE provision data for the VoIP and video streaming flows are presented in Fig.…”

“…After that, the SDN controller will then perform control rules to direct the network flow to a path with sufficient resources, resulting in a higher QoE value for the targeted flow service. We adopt the micropayment method with IOTA from our previous work [3], which focuses on QoS provisioning. Different to [3], this work realizes QoE provisioning rather than QoS.…”

“…We adopt the micropayment method with IOTA from our previous work [3], which focuses on QoS provisioning. Different to [3], this work realizes QoE provisioning rather than QoS.…”

“…This paper addressed the mentioned challenges and introduced a novel QoE provisioning system with micropayment for VoIP and Video streaming services (𝑄𝑚𝑉 2 ) as a solution. 𝑄𝑚𝑉 2 inherited the micropayment method for each network flow using the feeless, fast, cryptocurrency IOTA from our previous work [3]. 𝑄𝑚𝑉 2 leverages the capabilities of SDN to ensure guaranteed QoE for each flow of VoIP and video streaming services.…”

Performance Comparison of Directed Acyclic Graph-Based Distributed Ledgers and Blockchain Platforms

“…The full project is available on GitHub through [57]. The nodes have been set up with a PoW score of 4000, which is used by the main network of IOTA as well [58]. Fabric was tested and evaluated using a custom-written generator framework available on GitHub [59].…”