Fine-Grained Reputation-based Routing in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are the best evaluation system, which enables a source node to route choice for instant networks when no fixed infrastructure is packets over more "trustworthy" intermediate nodes. In the available. MANETs can support applications in a variety of proposed system, each node assigns a "reputation" for each of areas like emergency assistance and inter-vehicle its neighbors based on direct observations and broadcasts the communications.Most developed wireless ad-hoc routing reputation to neighbors up to limited hops. The reputation can protocols are designed to discover and maintain an active path be incorporated into ad-hoc routing protocol to route packets from source to destination with an assumption that every node is friendly. However, it is possible that the participating nodes may on more reliable paths. be selfish or malicious. A mechanism to evaluate reputation and Recently, trust establishment and evaluation have drawn trust for each node is essential for the reliability of routing considerable interests. Buchegger et al. [4], Zouridaki et al. protocol in MANETs.[14] and Tal Anker et al.[2] built trust-based evaluation We integrate reputation and trust management into routing framework on a Bayesian approach in which each node protocols in MANETs. Reputation mechanism is based on monitors the behavior of its neighbors by listening constantly monitoring and updating first-hand and second-hand promiscuously to the next node transmission. When a node is information. The nodes within the network are able to monitor suspected of misbehaving, the monitoring node informs its their neighbors and obtain first-hand information based on the neighbors by sending reports. Each node makes network perceived behavior. Second-hand information is obtained from decisions like route selection based on the reputation of nodes. the sharing of first-hand information with other nodes. The A Piz nodes thus create total reputation value by a combination of firstfiada et al [13] evaluates node and route reliability based hand and second-hand information. The total reputation value is on first-hand observation. L. Buttya et al. [5], Capra [7], then available to neighboring nodes for routing decisions. Cahill [6], Michiardi [12], and D. Balfanz et al. [3] have doneDirichlet distribution is combined with Bayes theorem to provide seminal works to stimulate and enforce node cooperation in finer granularity for nodes classification based on their behavior. mobile ad hoc networks, which is vital when the trust Fine-grained reputation management is integrated into a routing information is incomplete and communication must happen. protocol to explore the possibility and benefits on improvement L. Eschenauer [8] and T. Jiang [9] focus on management of of reliability in both route discovery and maintenance in trust evidence. A mechanism to generate, store and MANETs. disseminate trust or reputation evidence is important for a Index Terms-MANETs, wireless, routing, reputation. reputation evaluation framework.Our ...

Detection mechanism for reputation‐based selfishness prevention in MANETs

“…n varies between l and N , with l representing the minimum number of observations required before the decision is taken and N the maximum observations before the connection ends. The second metric, referred to as BFW (Bayesian with Finite Window) and reported in , takes into account only the last l observations, and is defined as . Reference proposes an additional metric, referred to as BDF (Bayesian with Discount Factor), which introduces a discount factor u = 1 − (1 / l ).…”

Modeling and Analysis of Trust Management for Cognitive Mission-Driven Group Communication Systems in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

“…Monitoringbased trust management rates the trust level of each participating node based on direct information (e.g., observing neighboring nodes' benign or malicious behaviors such as packet dropping, flooding packets in a denial-of-service attack) as well as indirect information (e.g., reputation ratings forwarded from other nodes such as recommendations). Many prior works [6,24] describe trust management using one of these methods or a combination.…”

“…Compared with designing security protocols for civilian MANETs, designing security protocols for missiondriven GCSs in military MANETs requires additional caution because of demanding battlefield situations such as hostile environments, privacy, distinctively prioritized quality-ofservice (QoS), performance, compromised nodes, rapid tempo, lifetime of nodes, reliability, seamless self-organizing reconfigurability, coalition operation without predefined trust relationships, and heterogeneous node components. In order to construct trustable collaborative environments based on the unique characteristics of MANETs, many researchers [6,9,15,16,24] have adopted various trust concepts to evaluate the relationships among group members. In the social science fields, trust is defined as the degree of a subjective belief about the behaviors of a particular entity [12].…”

“…In developing trust management in MANETs, researchers have focused heavily on developing secure ad hoc routing based on trust with the aim of isolating malicious or selfish nodes for improving system throughput (e.g., end-to-end packet delivery ratio) [24]. However, no prior work exists on trust management in MANETs that can properly account for the various dynamically changing conditions, including topology changes, membership changes, energy depletion, node heterogeneity (e.g., different energy levels of nodes), selfishness, healthiness, and frequency of interactions over time.…”

A Dirichlet reputation system in reliable routing of wireless ad hoc network

“…In order to improve reliability and security of a wireless ad hoc network, we proposed to incorporate a fine-grained reputation system into a wireless ad hoc protocol with the aim to protect the network from misbehaving nodes [4]. Similar works [3,5] were proposed to use multinomial Dirichlet distribution in reputation and service reliability evaluation.…”