Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of the Testes for the Classification of Azoospermia and Its Value in the Assessment of Male Infertility

Jashnani, Kusum D.; Gundawar, Rupesh; Kavishwar, Vikas; Parameshwar, Vivek

doi:10.1159/000502790

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The patient's age range was 22 to 47 years, with a mean of 34.6 years of age, similar to reported by others. 8,9,10,11 Among the service seekers, 57.22% were in the age group of 31-40 years and 28.86% in 21-30 years. This finding was near to the report of Rahaman et al in 2016 as they found 63% of their respondent, male infertile, was in the age group of 31-40 years [12] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological Findings in Testicular FNAC in Azoospermia Patient: A Study of 395 Cases

Islam¹,

Dutta²,

Dey³

et al. 2023

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J

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Background: In the age of assisted reproduction, search for the cause of male infertility is increasing in numbers. As finding of obstructive azoospermia give the male a hope there are increased requisition to the cytopathologist to evaluate the spermatogenesis status of a male. The aim of the study was to see the cytomorphological pattern in azoospermia patients and to determine the procedure's safety. Materials and methods: From January 2015 to June 2022, in Chattogram, Bangladesh, 395 patients with azoospermia were taken in this descriptive study. After all aseptic precautions and local anesthetization aspiration was done from both testes. Cytomorphological analysis was done in the following classes i) Positive for spermatogenesis ii) Hypo-spermatogenesis iii) Early maturation arrest iv) Late maturation arrest v) Sertoli cell only vi) Atrophic. Results: Cytological diagnosis yielded 161 (40.76%) positive for spermatogenesis, indicating obstructive azoospermia, seconded by 'Sertoli cell only' in 115 (29.11%) patients. Both conditions were highest in the age group of 31-40, 93(57.76%) and 72 (62.6%). Hematoma was seen in 04(1.01%) cases and extended period of pain was experienced by 05 (1.26%) patients. Conclusion: FNA of the testis is a much simpler and easily accessible procedure to assess the spermatogenesis status of an azoospermia patient. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.22 (1); January 2023; Page 53-56

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological Findings in Testicular FNAC in Azoospermia Patient: A Study of 395 Cases

Islam¹,

Dutta²,

Dey³

et al. 2023

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Based on pathological features, azoospermia can be classified into obstructive azoospermia (OA) and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). With the development of assisted reproductive technology, techniques such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection have made it possible for most patients with OA to conceive their own offspring [ 3 , 4 ]. However, it is a challenge to retrieve sperms from patients with NOA, even by microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel variants in helicase for meiosis 1 lead to male infertility due to non-obstructive azoospermia

Tang

Gao

et al. 2021

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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Background Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is the most severe form of male infertility; more than half of the NOA patients are idiopathic. Although many NOA risk genes have been detected, the genetic factors for NOA in majority of the patients are unknown. In addition, it is difficult to retrieve sperm from these patients despite using the microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) method. Therefore, we conducted this genetic study to identify the potential genetic factors responsible for NOA and investigate the sperm retrieval rate of microTESE for genetically deficient NOA patients. Methods Semen analyses, sex hormone testing, and testicular biopsy were performed to categorize the patients with NOA. The chromosome karyotypes and Y chromosome microdeletion analyses were used to exclude general genetic factors. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify potential genetic variants in 51 patients with NOA. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) and anti-phosphorylated H2AX were used to assess the histopathology of spermatogenesis. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were performed to verify the effects of gene variation on expression. Results We performed whole exome sequencing in 51 NOA patients and identified homozygous helicase for meiosis 1(HFM1) variants (NM_001017975: c.3490C > T: p.Q1164X; c.3470G > A: p.C1157Y) in two patients (3.9%, 2/51). Histopathology of the testis showed that spermatogenesis was completely blocked at metaphase in these two patients carrying the HFM1 homozygous variants. In comparison with unaffected controls, we found a significant reduction in the levels of HFM1 mRNA and protein expression in the testicular tissues from these two patients. The patients were also subjected to microTESE treatment, but the sperms could not be retrieved. Conclusions This study identified novel homozygous variants of HFM1 that are responsible for spermatogenic failure and NOA, and microTESE did not aid in retrieving sperms from these patients.

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“…The development of assisted reproductive technology (ART), such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), has allowed most patients with OA to conceive their own offspring [3,4]. However, sperm retrieval in NOA patients has always been di cult even by microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Variants in HFM1 Lead to Male Infertility Due to Non-obstructive Azoospermia

Tang

Gao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is the most severe form of male infertility. More than half of the NOA patients were idiopathic for their etiology, in whom it’s difficult to retrieve sperm despite the application of microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (microTESE). Therefore, we conducted to this study to identify the potential genetic factors responsible for NOA, and investigate the sperm retrieval rate of microTESE for the genetic defected NOA.Methods One NOA patient from a consanguineous family (F1-II-1) and fifty NOA patients from non-consanguineous families were included in the study. Semen analyses, chromosome karyotypes, screening of Y chromosome microdeletions, sex hormone testing, and subsequent testicular biopsy were performed to categorize NOA or obstructive azoospermia. Potentialgenetic variants were identified by whole exome sequencing (WES),and confirmed by Sanger sequencing in F1 II-1. The candidate genes were screened in the other fifty NOA patients. Further experiments including quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to verify the effects of gene variation on gene expression.Results Normal somatic karyotypes and Y chromosome microdeletions were examined in all patients. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) of the testicular tissues suggested meiotic arrest, and a novel homozygous HFM1 variant (c.3490C>T: p.Q1164X) was identified in F1 II-1. Furthermore, another homozygous HFM1 variant (c.3470G>A: p.C1157Y) was also verified in F2 II-1 from the fifty NOA patients. Significantly decreased expression levels of HFM1 mRNA and protein were observed in the testicular tissues of these two mutants compared with controls. MicroTESE was performed in these two patients, while no sperm were retrieved. Conclusions Our study identified two novel homozygous variants of HFM1 that are responsible for spermatogenic failure and NOA, even microTESE can not contribute to retrieve sperm in these patients.

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Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of the Testes for the Classification of Azoospermia and Its Value in the Assessment of Male Infertility

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Cytological Findings in Testicular FNAC in Azoospermia Patient: A Study of 395 Cases

Cytological Findings in Testicular FNAC in Azoospermia Patient: A Study of 395 Cases

Novel variants in helicase for meiosis 1 lead to male infertility due to non-obstructive azoospermia

Novel Variants in HFM1 Lead to Male Infertility Due to Non-obstructive Azoospermia

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