Fine Root Volume, Flowering, Sprouting, and Carbohydrate Content in the Leaves and Roots of Bearing and Non-bearing Satsuma Mandarin Trees in a Systemized Alternate-Bearing Orchard.

Okuda, Hitoshi; Noda, Katsuji; Kihara, T.; Hirabayashi, T.

doi:10.2503/jjshs.71.588

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Evidence for this effect is that removing fruit at this time increases floral shoot development at the expense of vegetative shoot development in the spring (Garcia-Luis et al, 1995;Monselise et al, 1981;Okuda, 2000). Consistent with the proposed inhibitory effect of fruit on the transition of vegetative shoot apices to floral apices, Monselise et al (1981) and Okuda et al (2002aOkuda et al ( , 2002b reported that during spring bloom of Satsuma mandarin trees, fruit-bearing shoots and fruit-bearing trees had a lower number of leafless and leafy floral shoots but a greater number of vegetative shoots compared with nonbearing shoots or nonbearing trees. The results of the research reported herein do not support these findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The Effect of Crop Load on Budbreak Influences Return Bloom in Alternate Bearing ‘Pixie’ Mandarin

Verreynne¹,

Lovatt²

2009

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Alternate bearing trees produce a heavy (on) crop followed by a light (off) crop. Whereas it is well documented for citrus that fruit number in the current crop inversely affects flower number in the return bloom, when in the phenology of the tree and how fruit exert an effect on floral intensity the following spring remained unresolved. ‘Pixie’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata) was used as the model system to investigate when and how fruit perpetuate cyclic differences in floral intensity. Parent shoots (current spring flush shoots) were tagged on on-crop trees and fruit were removed from individual shoots or whole trees. The number of summer and fall (summer/fall) vegetative shoots that developed on parent shoots with and without fruit and the contribution of spring shoots (floral and vegetative) made by parent shoots alone (now 1 year old) and by their summer/fall shoots to return spring bloom was quantified. Removal of fruit from individual shoots on on-crop trees in June or July had no effect on the number of flowers contributed by parent (current spring) shoots to return bloom, but increased total flower number 4-fold because summer/fall shoot number increased more than 8-fold. Removal of fruit from individual shoots of on-crop trees after July had no effect on flower number. In the whole tree experiment, parent + summer/fall shoots of off-crop trees produced more flowers the following spring than on-crop trees due to greater flower production by both parent shoots and their greater number of summer/fall shoots. Removal of all fruit in July from on-crop trees resulted in 2-fold more flowers in spring compared with off-crop trees due to the increased number of flowers contributed by both parent shoots (75% of the total) and the increased number of summer/fall shoots. The importance of summer/fall shoots to return bloom was confirmed by removing all summer/fall shoots from off-crop trees. This reduced floral intensity to that of on-crop trees. Removing all fruit from on-crop trees in December increased the percentage of budbreak in spring and flower number on parent shoots to that of off-crop trees, whereas the number of summer/fall shoots and the number of flowers the parent shoots contributed to bloom were both less than that of off-crop trees. For the branch and whole tree experiments, flower number was significantly correlated with the percentage of spring budbreak on parent + summer/fall shoots (r 2 = 0.88, P ≤ 0.0001 and r 2 = 0.71, P ≤ 0.0001; respectively). Taken together, the results of this research provide evidence that fruit of the ‘Pixie’ mandarin reduce floral intensity of the return bloom by inhibiting budbreak, which reduces summer/fall shoot growth and thus the number of nodes that can bear inflorescences and development of spring shoots, which are predominantly floral.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The Effect of Crop Load on Budbreak Influences Return Bloom in Alternate Bearing ‘Pixie’ Mandarin

Verreynne¹,

Lovatt²

2009

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…In that study, as well as in our study with ‘Valencia’ sweet orange, buds producing generative buds were the most sensitive to fruit load, whereas vegetative shoots were significantly increased by leaving the fruit on the tree up to the moment of its maximum size. Similarly, Okuda et al 31, 32 reported that, during spring bloom of Satsuma mandarin trees, fruit‐bearing trees had a lower number of leafless and leafy floral shoots but a higher number of vegetative shoots compared with non‐bearing trees. Further, scoring performed in summer increased flowering of ‘Salustiana’ sweet orange and ‘Owari’ Satsuma mandarin by stimulating bud sprouting in spring 33…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Timing of the inhibitory effect of fruit on return bloom of ‘Valencia’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis(L.) Osbeck)

Martínez‐Fuentes

Mesejo

Reig

et al. 2010

J. Sci. Food Agric.

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“…Defoliation causes a lack of supply of carbohydrate and fruit removal involves the loss of a major carbohydrate sink and accumulation of carbohydrate in roots (Okuda et al, 2002;Shimizu et al, 1978). Girdling causes accumulation of carbohydrate within the girdled branch (Goldschmidt et al, 1985).…”

Section: ) Flowering-affecting Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Floral Induction in Citrus

Nishikawa¹

2013

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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In the citrus industry, juvenility and alternate bearing are serious problems that cause lengthening of the breeding cycle and instability of annual fruit production, respectively. Both phenomena are closely related to flowering behavior: juvenility is caused by suppression of flowering in young plants and alternate bearing mainly results from suppression of flowering by fruit production. Many researchers have conducted studies into citrus flowering in a quest to resolve these problems. In recent years, molecular and genetic approaches to studying citrus flowering have been performed on the basis of studies on flowering-related genes in Arabidopsis. In Arabidopsis, the protein encoding a flowering-related gene, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), plays an important role in the promotion of flowering. Similarly, a citrus orthologue of FT (CiFT) has been confirmed to have a function in the promotion of flowering in citrus. In studies of transgenic plants, a CiFT co-expression vector has been already used to shorten the juvenile phase of citrus. In addition, endogenous expression of CiFT is closely correlated with flowering under various conditions, suggesting that endogenous CiFT may regulate floral induction. Considering the accumulating data, the regulation of CiFT expression is hypothesized to be essential to understand the mechanism of citrus flowering and studies on CiFT are expected to contribute to the resolution of flowering-related problems in citrus.

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Fine Root Volume, Flowering, Sprouting, and Carbohydrate Content in the Leaves and Roots of Bearing and Non-bearing Satsuma Mandarin Trees in a Systemized Alternate-Bearing Orchard.

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

The Effect of Crop Load on Budbreak Influences Return Bloom in Alternate Bearing ‘Pixie’ Mandarin

The Effect of Crop Load on Budbreak Influences Return Bloom in Alternate Bearing ‘Pixie’ Mandarin

Timing of the inhibitory effect of fruit on return bloom of ‘Valencia’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis(L.) Osbeck)

Regulation of Floral Induction in Citrus

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