Fine Structure of Acid Mist Treated Sitka Spruce Needles: Open-top Chamber and Field Experiments

Wulff, A.; Crossley, A.; Sheppard, Lucy J.

doi:10.1006/anbo.1996.0001

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…There are indices supporting the assumption that environmental stress is able to cause CPs (Wulff, Crossley & Sheppard 1996; Lütz & Engel 2007). However, CPs observed in this work did not seem to be caused solely by heat stress or stress caused by high light intensity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Effects of temperature and light on the formation of chloroplast protrusions in leaf mesophyll cells of high alpine plants

Buchner

Holzinger

2007

Plant Cell & Environment

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Chloroplasts of many alpine plants have the ability to form marked, stroma-filled protrusions that do not contain thylakoids. Effects of temperature and light intensity on the frequency of chloroplasts with such protrusions in leaf mesophyll cells of nine different alpine plant species (Carex curvula All., Leontodon helveticus Merat., Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill., Poa alpina L. ssp. vivipara, Polygonum viviparum L., Ranunculus glacialis L., Ranunculus alpestris L., Silene acaulis L. and Soldanella pusilla Baumg.) covering seven different families were studied. Leaves were exposed to either darkness and a stepwise increase in temperature (10-38°C) or to different light intensities (500 and 2000 mmol photons m -2 s -1) and a constant temperature of 10 or 30°C in a special temperature-regulated chamber. A chloroplast protrusions index characterising the relative proportion of chloroplasts with protrusions was defined. Seven of the nine species showed a significant increase in chloroplast protrusions when temperature was elevated to over 20°C. In contrast, the light level did not generally affect the abundance of chloroplasts with protrusions. Chloroplast protrusions lead to a dynamic enlargement of the chloroplast surface area. They do not appear to be directly connected to a distinct photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm) status and thus seem to be involved in secondary, not primary, photosynthetic processes.Key-words: Oxyria digyna; Ranunculus glacialis; Soldanella pusilla; Fv/Fm; membrane; PSII efficiency; stroma; stromule; thylakoid.Abbreviations: CP, chloroplast protrusion; CPi, chloroplast protrusions index; Fv/Fm, ratio of variable/maximum fluorescence; GFP, green fluorescent protein; LM-TCC, light microscope-temperature-controlled chamber; nCP, number of chloroplasts with protrusions; PID controller, proportional-integral-derivative controller; PPFD, photosynthetic photon flux density; PN, net photosynthetic rate; PSII, photosystem II; q, shape index; qM, mean shape index.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Effects of temperature and light on the formation of chloroplast protrusions in leaf mesophyll cells of high alpine plants

Buchner

Holzinger

2007

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…In industrial buildings, several of the production processes generate gas-liquid two-phase pollutants, such as hydrochloric acid droplets and HCl gas from the pickling process. The presence of hydrochloric acid droplets and HCl gas in the indoor environment would corrode equipment and envelopes 1,2 and also endanger the health of operators. [3][4][5] The envelope of industrial plants is subjected to strong corrosion when the concentration of HCl gas is 1-15 mg/m 3 , especially when the exposure period is long.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalation and deposition of gas–droplet contaminant in the human microenvironment in an industrial building

Yang

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2023

Indoor and Built Environment

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Gas–droplet contaminants such as HCl gas and hydrochloric droplets are typical pollutants in industrial indoor environments. They are harmful to workers. As the transportation modes of the gas and droplet phases are different, they cause different exposure characteristics for human beings. This study numerically investigated the transport of HCl gas and hydrochloric droplets emitted from a pickling tank to a human microenvironment. Meanwhile, inhalation and deposition of hydrochloric acid gas and hydrochloric acid droplets by humans were also studied, which were influenced by the droplet initial diameter (10–100 μm), air draught (0.1–0.5 m/s) and the distance between the source and the manikin (0.5–1.5 m). The results showed that the cases considering an initial droplet diameter of 50 μm could cause the largest droplet deposition on the manikin, which was influenced by the combination of droplet gravity and plume. The velocity of the air draught could significantly enhance the inhalation of HCl gas and droplet deposition on the manikin when the velocity was ≥ 0.3 m/s. Furthermore, when the distance was increased from 1.0 to 1.5 m, the thermal plume enhanced the inhalation of HCl gas.

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“…Formation of CPs was shown to increase after acid mist treatment in Sitka spruce (Wulff et al 1996 ) and in salt-stressed Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Paramanova et al 2004 ) and rice leaves, the latter of which contained crystalline inclusions within CPs alongside immunolabelled ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxigenase (rubisco) (Yamane et al 2012 ). In early TEM studies on R. glacialis (Lütz 1987 ) and later in other high alpine and polar plant species (Gielwanowska and Szczuka 2005 ; Lütz et al 2006 ; Holzinger et al 2007b ; Lütz and Engel 2007 ; Lütz 2010 ; Lütz et al 2012 ), CPs were frequently found to be located in close spatial proximity to mitochondria and peroxisomes, suggesting a link between photorespiration and CP formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of chloroplast protrusions and catalase activity in alpine Ranunculus glacialis under elevated temperature and different CO2/O2 ratios

et al. 2015

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Chloroplast protrusions (CPs) have frequently been observed in plants, but their significance to plant metabolism remains largely unknown. We investigated in the alpine plant Ranunculus glacialis L. treated under various CO2 concentrations if CP formation is related to photorespiration, specifically focusing on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) metabolism. Immediately after exposure to different CO2 concentrations, the formation of CPs in leaf mesophyll cells was assessed and correlated to catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities. Under natural irradiation, the relative proportion of chloroplasts with protrusions (rCP) was highest (58.7 %) after exposure to low CO2 (38 ppm) and was lowest (3.0 %) at high CO2 (10,000 ppm). The same relationship was found for CAT activity, which decreased from 34.7 nkat mg−1 DW under low CO2 to 18.4 nkat mg−1 DW under high CO2, while APX activity did not change significantly. When exposed to natural CO2 concentration (380 ppm) in darkness, CP formation was significantly lower (18.2 %) compared to natural solar irradiation (41.3 %). In summary, CP formation and CAT activity are significantly increased under conditions that favour photorespiration, while in darkness or at high CO2 concentration under light, CP formation is significantly lower, providing evidence for an association between CPs and photorespiration.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00709-015-0778-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Fine Structure of Acid Mist Treated Sitka Spruce Needles: Open-top Chamber and Field Experiments

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Effects of temperature and light on the formation of chloroplast protrusions in leaf mesophyll cells of high alpine plants

Effects of temperature and light on the formation of chloroplast protrusions in leaf mesophyll cells of high alpine plants

Inhalation and deposition of gas–droplet contaminant in the human microenvironment in an industrial building

Formation of chloroplast protrusions and catalase activity in alpine Ranunculus glacialis under elevated temperature and different CO2/O2 ratios

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