Fingerprinting sengon (Falcatria moluccana) accessions resistant to boktor pest and gall rust disease using microsatellite markers

Abstract

Abstract. Siregar UJ, Rahmawati D, Damayanti A. 2019. Fingerprinting sengon (Falcatria moluccana) accessions resistant to boktor pest and gall rust disease using microsatellite markers. Biodiversitas 20: 2698-2706. Sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) is a multipurpose fast-growing tree species and widely planted as community forest in Indonesia. According to Indonesian Light Wood Association (ILWA) F. moluccana wood products coming from forest industries in Jawa worth US$ 244.46 million export to China alone. The wood dust also has high potential as source for biomass-based energy in the form of wood-pellet. Monoculture plantation however often suffers from stem borer pest, known as boktor (Xystrocera festiva) and a gall rust disease, caused by fungi Uromycladium falcatarium. This research was aimed to characterize accessions of resistant and susceptible sengon individuals to both gall rust disease as well as stem borer pest using microsatellite markers. Totally 50 accessions of resistant and of resistant to stem borer pest were collected from Sumedang, West Jawa Province, while 88 accessions of resistant and of resistant to gall rust disease were sampled from Kediri, East Jawa Province and Sukabumi, Indonesia. Eight microsatellite markers could amplify most of the accessions used in this study and produce polymorphic fragments. High genetic diversity was detected in all of F. moluccana populations, with He ranged from 0.431 to 0.650. AMOVA showed that most genetic variations come from within populations. A dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance (1972) clustered some resistant accessions to either stem borer pest or gall rust disease separately from susceptible ones.

Early growth evaluation and estimation of heritability in a sengon (Falcataria moluccana) progeny testing at Kediri, East Java, Indonesia

“…Johnson and (2011) stated that plant growth is controlled by genetics, thus differences in genetic formation will affect the appearance of a particular character. Analysis of genetic diversity using RAPD, SSR, and SNP markers showed grouping between susceptible and resistant sengon plants (Shabrina 2020;Rahmawati 2017;Siregar et al 2019;Yuskianti and Shiraishi 2017). Shabrina et al (2019a) supported this result, which found variances in gene expression in prime sengon plants against sengon plants with gall rust through differential expression gene (DEG) analysis.…”

“…17 boktor prone trees, 17 gall rust-prone trees, and 16 susceptible trees to both). Susceptible trees referred to those trees that were severely attacked by either boktor pest or gall rust, while resistant trees were the trees as control showing no signs of the pest and disease attacks (Siregar et al 2019). The seeds as control were extracted from adjacent trees and grow on the same plot to minimize environmental influences.…”

“…The drawback of monoculture is that the plant community will be vulnerable to pest and disease attacks. The most frequent pests and diseases that attack sengon plantations are boktor stem borer (Xystrocera festiva) and gall rust disease (Endang and Haneda 2010;Siregar et al 2019;Sunandar et al 2017). Both these pests and disease types may simultaneously attack sengon, which initiate double losses (Darwiati and Anggraeni 2018).…”

De novo transcriptome assembly data for sengon (Falcataria moluccana) trees displaying resistance and susceptibility to boktor stem borers (Xystrocera festiva Pascoe)

“…Previous research has shown that among mostly susceptible trees, some trees are resistant and have higher levels of enzyme inhibitory activity [ 5 ]. Efforts to differentiate between these two accessions using microsatellite markers have failed to provide satisfactory answers [ 6 ] as the mechanisms involved in tropical tree resistance to phytophagous pests remain largely unknown. Technological advances have allowed us to perform large-scale and rapid sequencing using next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms to obtain genomic and transcriptomic data for perennial plants, especially trees, to accelerate tree improvement programs [ 7 – 9 ].…”

Chemical characteristics of Falcataria moluccana wood infested by Boktor stem borer (Xystrocera festiva)

“…With the except for genetic characterization of highly infested and healthy Falcata trees (Siregar et al 2019) and the presence of Boktor digestive enzymes inhibitors (Siregar et al 2020), information about internal host factors that influencing Boktor infestation is still limited. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the characteristics of chemical components on Falcata woods aged 2, 3, and 4 years to determine which chemical components contribute to Boktor infestation.…”