2015
DOI: 10.1007/s12264-015-1532-2
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Fingolimod alters inflammatory mediators and vascular permeability in intracerebral hemorrhage

Abstract: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) leads to high rates of death and disability. The pronounced infl ammatory reactions that rapidly follow ICH contribute to disease progression. Our recent clinical trial demonstrated that oral administration of an immune modulator fingolimod restrained secondary injury derived from initial hematoma, but the mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of fingolimod on inflammatory mediators and vascular permeability in the clinical trial of oral fing… Show more

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Cited by 46 publications
(33 citation statements)
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“…These effects suggest that fingolimod reduces the migration of these cells and inflammatory mediators to the brain after ICH. 92 The drug also suppressed the increase in PHO that normally occurs in the first week after ICH (Figure 2) and protected the vascular barrier. Collectively, the immune modulation of fingolimod seemed to improve clinical outcomes.…”
Section: Interventions In Ischaemic Strokementioning
confidence: 86%
“…These effects suggest that fingolimod reduces the migration of these cells and inflammatory mediators to the brain after ICH. 92 The drug also suppressed the increase in PHO that normally occurs in the first week after ICH (Figure 2) and protected the vascular barrier. Collectively, the immune modulation of fingolimod seemed to improve clinical outcomes.…”
Section: Interventions In Ischaemic Strokementioning
confidence: 86%
“…The positive effect from fingolimod is due to reduction in lymphocytes, markers of inflammation [intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interferon-γ, and interleukin-17], apoptosis, and brain atrophy (112114). In a human study of 23 patients, fingolimod use was associated with less inflammation (reduced ICAM-1, lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and MMP-9 levels) and positive effect on BBB (115). In a phase-II study, fingolimod use within 72 h of ICH onset was associated with less PHE and improvement in clinical outcomes at 3 months without any increase in side effects (116).…”
Section: Perihemorrhagic Edemamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In a pilot study conducted in patients with acute ischemic stroke, fingolimod/alteplase combination therapy was well tolerated, attenuated reperfusion injury, and improved clinical outcomes (Fu et al ., 2014; Li et al ., 2015; Zhu et al ., 2015). Fingolimod is now under a phase 2 clinical trial for acute stroke (NCT02002390).…”
Section: Development Of S1p1 Receptor Modulatorsmentioning
confidence: 99%