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Evaluation of settlement of structures constructed on flat ground is an important criteria, that importance increased when these structures available near slope which increase the settlement at certain distance over than its value on flat ground. This study evaluated maximum settlement of Communication Tower foundation using finite element method, this foundation presented near sand slope with constant height and angle, and subjected to eccentric load with constant ratio of eccentricity to foundation width (e/B) equal (0.15), the eccentricity of loading caused by moment, two constitutive models adopted in the study for (Loose, Medium and Dense) sand, the study examined effect of embedment depth, relative density of sand and constitutive model on the relation between maximum settlement and ratio of distance from crest of slope to foundation width (b/B). The results showed which of the two models is more appropriate to represent the problem of study, and showed that at the distance equal and more than half of width of foundation (b/B≥0.5), the effect of the slope on the values of the maximum settlement of foundation begin to disappear, loose sand has the greatest values of maximum settlement, medium and dense sand have a convergence results from each to other. In addition, the results showed the effect of embedment depth in reducing the maximum settlement rate by an approximate range of (32.6 – 42.6) %.
Evaluation of settlement of structures constructed on flat ground is an important criteria, that importance increased when these structures available near slope which increase the settlement at certain distance over than its value on flat ground. This study evaluated maximum settlement of Communication Tower foundation using finite element method, this foundation presented near sand slope with constant height and angle, and subjected to eccentric load with constant ratio of eccentricity to foundation width (e/B) equal (0.15), the eccentricity of loading caused by moment, two constitutive models adopted in the study for (Loose, Medium and Dense) sand, the study examined effect of embedment depth, relative density of sand and constitutive model on the relation between maximum settlement and ratio of distance from crest of slope to foundation width (b/B). The results showed which of the two models is more appropriate to represent the problem of study, and showed that at the distance equal and more than half of width of foundation (b/B≥0.5), the effect of the slope on the values of the maximum settlement of foundation begin to disappear, loose sand has the greatest values of maximum settlement, medium and dense sand have a convergence results from each to other. In addition, the results showed the effect of embedment depth in reducing the maximum settlement rate by an approximate range of (32.6 – 42.6) %.
Over the last decades, numerical modelling has gained practical importance in geotechnical engineering as a valuable tool for predicting geotechnical problems. An accurate prediction of ground deformation is achieved if models that account for the pre-failure behaviour of soil are used. In this paper, laboratory results of the consolidated drain (CD) triaxial compression tests and one-dimensional consolidation tests of marine clay were used to determine the hardening soil model (HSM) parameter for use in Plaxis 3D analyses. The parameters investigated for the HSM were stiffness, strength and advanced parameters. The stiffness parameters were secant stiffness in CD triaxial compression test ($$E_{50}^{\text{ref}}$$ E 50 ref ), tangent stiffness for primary oedometer loading test $$(E_{\text{oed}}^{\text{ref}} )$$ ( E oed ref ) , unloading/reloading stiffness $$(E_{\text{ur}}^{\text{ref}}$$ ( E ur ref ) and power for the stress-level dependency of stiffness (m). The strength parameters were effective cohesion ($$c_{\text{ref}}^{\text{'}}$$ c ref ' ), effective angle of internal friction ($$\phi^{\text{'}}$$ ϕ ' ) and angle of dilatancy ($$\psi^{\text{'}}$$ ψ ' ). The advanced parameters were Poisson’s ratio for unloading–reloading (ν) and K0-value for normal consolidation $$\left( {K_{\circ}^{\text{nc}} } \right)$$ K ∘ nc . Furthermore, Plaxis 3D was used to simulate the laboratory results to verify the effectiveness of this study. The results revealed that the stiffness parameters $$E_{50}^{\text{ref}} , E_{\text{oed}}^{\text{ref}} , E_{\text{ur}}^{\text{ref}}$$ E 50 ref , E oed ref , E ur ref and m are equal to 3.4 MPa, 3.6 MPa, 12 MPa and 0.7, respectively, and that the strength parameters $$c_{\text{ref}}^{\text{'}}$$ c ref ' , $$\phi^{\text{'}}$$ ϕ ' , $$\psi^{\text{'}}$$ ψ ' and $$K_{\circ}^{\text{nc}}$$ K ∘ nc are equal to 33 kPa, 17.51°, 1.6° and 0.7, respectively. A final comparison of the laboratory results with the numerical results revealed that they were in accordance, which proved the efficacy of the study.
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