Finite element analysis of the middle ear transfer functions and related pathologies

Open access high-resolution 3D morphology models of cat, gerbil, rabbit, rat and human ossicular chains

“…The values we determined are 6.01 mm and 3.47 mm respectively. Zhao et al (2009) reported human incus length (length along the long process which is to some extent similar to our approach) between 6.02 mm and 7.0 mm while ours is 6.64 mm. For cat ME models, Decraemer et al (2003) showed stapes length (measured from the head to the footplate) of 1.52 mm, cf.…”

Full-Field Thickness Distribution of Human Tympanic Membrane Obtained with Optical Coherence Tomography

“…Today, most authors adopt a uniform thickness value across the entire membrane, ranging from 30-150 μm for the human TM (Gaihede et al 2007;Decraemer and Funnell 2008;Daphalapurkar et al 2009;Aernouts et al 2012). While most modelers agree to employ an average value of around 74 μm (Gan et al 2004;Cheng et al 2007;Huang et al 2008;Luo et al 2009;Zhao et al 2009), some assume an average thickness value of 100 μm (Abel and Lord 2001; Wen et al 2006;Lee et al 2006;Le and Huynh 2008). Quantification of these trends could provide more insight into the fundamental anatomy of the human eardrum and enables modelers to employ more accurate and representative distributions of mass in their finite element models of the human TM.…”

Mechanical properties of human tympanic membrane in the quasi-static regime from in situ point indentation measurements

“…The technique allows the complex shape and boundary conditions of the middle ear structure to be taken into account. Examples of acoustic middle ear models are Zhao et al (2009);Sun et al (2002); Tuck- Lee et al (2008); Lee et al (2006); Elkhouri et al (2006); examples of models in the quasi-static regime are Ladak et al (2004); Wang et al (2007); an example of a model investigating prosthesis behavior is Ferris and Prendergast (2000). The response of middle ear finite element models is very sensitive to tympanic membrane mechanical properties (Koike et al, 2001;Elkhouri et al, 2006).…”