Finite Element Analysis of Variable Viscosity Impact on MHD Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluid Using the Cattaneo–Christov Model

Abstract

In this mathematical study, magnetohydrodynamic, time-independent nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet by using the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model is inspected. The impact of the thermal, solutal boundary and gravitational body forces with the effect of double stratification on the mass flow and heat transfer phenomena is also observed. The temperature-dependent viscosity impact on heat transfer through a moving sheet with capricious heat generation in nanofluids have studied, and the viscosity of the fluid is presumed to deviate as the inverse function of temperature. With the appropriate transformations, the system of partial differential equations is transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. By applying the variational finite element method, the transformed system of equations is solved. The properties of the several parameters for buoyancy, velocity, temperature, stratification, and Brownian motion parameters have examined. The enhancement in the concentration and thermal boundary layer thickness of the nanofluid sheet due to the increment in the viscosity parameter, also increased the temperature and concentration of nanoparticles. Moreover, the fluid temperature declined with the increasing values of thermal relaxation parameter. This displays that the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model provides a better assessment of temperature distribution. Moreover, confirmation of the code and precision of the numerical method has inveterate with the valuation of the presented results with previous studies.

Finite Element Study of MHD Impacts on the Rotating Flow of Casson Nanofluid with the Double Diffusion Cattaneo—Christov Heat Flux Model

“…The transformed set of nonlinear partial differential Equations (12)-(15) is solved numerically utilizing the variational finite element method along with boundary conditions (Equation (16)) because Equations (12)-(15) cannot be solved analytically due to highly nonlinearity. This procedure is a great numerical computational methodology significant for solving the different types of real word problems [44] and problems of engineering [45]-for example, liquids with heat transportation [46], Bio-materials [47], rigid body dynamics [48], and various regions [49,50]. An astounding general description of variational finite elements method outlined by Reddy [51] and Jyothi et al [52] summed up the basic steps involved in the FEM.…”

Boundary Layer Flow of Dusty Williamson Fluid with Variable Viscosity Effect Over a Stretching Sheet

“…is the relaxation time of particles phase, k is the Stoke's resistance (drag force), p c and s c are specific heat of fluid and dust particle, T and p T are the temperature of fluid and particle phases, T  is the thermal relaxation time, a is positive constant and s h is heat transfer parameter. It is important to note that, the viscosity,  considered herein follows the robust Reynold exponential model which can be defined as [39] ()…”

Stefan Blowing Impacts on Unsteady MHD Flow of Nanofluid over a Stretching Sheet with Electric Field, Thermal Radiation and Activation Energy

“…Gireesha et al [25] conducted an analysis of the magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow and the heat transfer of nanofluids over a flat stretching sheet. Several numerical studies have been reported to predict the characteristics of magnetized fluids, such as MHD mixed convection flows [26], MHD non-Newtonian fluid flows [27], MHD impact on nanofluid flows [28] and the magnetic dipole effects on micropolar fluid flows [29,30].…”