Finite element investigation of the loading rate effect on the spinal load-sharing changes under impact conditions

El‐Rich, Marwan; Arnoux, Pierre‐Jean; Wagnac, Éric; Brunet, Christian; Aubin, Carl‐Éric

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.03.036

Cited by 137 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Failure or fracture of the bone starts at the highest stress concentration and it produces the weakest area of the bone. This result agrees well with research by El-Rich et al (2009), which concluded that in extension loading, the maximum stress is located in the lower pedicle region of L2 and fractures start in the left facet joint, then expand into the lower endplate.…”

Section: Post -Processing Filesupporting

confidence: 93%

Probabilistic Finite Element Analysis on Vertebra Lumbar Spine under Hyperextension Loading

Rahman¹,

Zulkifli²,

Ariffin³

2011

Int J Automot Mech Eng

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The maj or goal of this study is to determine the stress on vertebrae subjected to hyperextension loading. In addition, probabilistic analysis was adopted in finite element analysis (FEA) to verify the parameters that affected failure. Probabilistic finite element (PFE) analysis plays an important role today in solving engineering problems in many fields of science and industry and has recently been applied in orthopaedic applications. A finite element model of the L2 vertebra was constructed in SolidWorks and imported by ANSYS 11.0 software for the analysis. For simplicity, vertebra components were modelled as isotropic and linear materials. A tetrahedral solid element was chosen as the element type because it is better suited to and more accurate in modelling problems with curved boundaries such as bone. A Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique was performed to conduct the probabilistic analysis using a built-in probabilistic module in ANSYS with 100 samples. It was found that the adjacent lower pedicle region depicted the highest stress with 1.21 MPa, and the probability of failure was 3%. The force applied to the facet (FORFCT) variable needs to be emphasized after sensitivity assessment revealed that this variable is very sensitive to the stress and displacement output parameters.

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Section: Post -Processing Filesupporting

confidence: 93%

Probabilistic Finite Element Analysis on Vertebra Lumbar Spine under Hyperextension Loading

Rahman¹,

Zulkifli²,

Ariffin³

2011

Int J Automot Mech Eng

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“…The fact that the maximum stress in the capsule predicted in extension was unchanged across the different rates of rotation suggests that either the material properties used to model the capsule may be incorrect or that in that particular mode of loading, the ligament experienced similar load environments at all rates. However, the capsule stress was more than doubled at the fastest loading rate in flexion as compared with the other two lower rates of loading for 5 degrees of rotation, which might indicate that tearing of the capsule does not necessarily depend on the amount of rotation but on the rate of rotation [334]. Despite the need for experimental validation of such predictions, these finite element models provide a useful means to understand better the effects and consequences of traumatic loading of the spine and the facet joints at the tissue level and provide data which are currently otherwise unobtainable using experimental approaches.…”

Section: Nonphysiologic Loadingmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Finite elements models have also been developed to evaluate facet loads and deformations during nonphysiologic loading conditions such as vehicle impacts [333,334]. Kitagawa et al [333] used a human finite element model with simulated facet capsules to investigate capsular ligament elongation during simulations of rear-end vehicle impacts, based on the hypothesis that capsular stretch is a mechanism for initiating pain.…”

Section: Nonphysiologic Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their model calculated capsular strains that were then integrated as a criterion in the design of cushioning seats aimed at reducing the severity of rear-end impacts on neck distortion [333]. In addition, El-Rich et al [334] developed a finite element model of a lumbar motion segment to investigate the effect of the rate of loading on load-sharing and ligament stress during sagittal bending in frontal and rear impacts. They found high rates of sagittal rotation to be associated with a faster increase in facet force and a higher peak facet force that can result in facet surface fracture at small rotations, in comparison to rates of rotation that were one to two orders of magnitude smaller [334].…”

Section: Nonphysiologic Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, El-Rich et al [334] developed a finite element model of a lumbar motion segment to investigate the effect of the rate of loading on load-sharing and ligament stress during sagittal bending in frontal and rear impacts. They found high rates of sagittal rotation to be associated with a faster increase in facet force and a higher peak facet force that can result in facet surface fracture at small rotations, in comparison to rates of rotation that were one to two orders of magnitude smaller [334]. In that same model, the stresses in the joint's capsule increased from 2 to 6 MPa at the time of the facet fracture but reached only a maximal stress of 8 MPa at 5 degrees of rotation that was comparable to the stress achieved at the lower rates of loading in extension.…”

Section: Nonphysiologic Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Spinal Facet Joint Biomechanics and Mechanotransduction in Normal, Injury and Degenerative Conditions

Jaumard¹,

Welch²,

Winkelstein³

2011

J. Biomech. Eng.

276

225

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The facet joint is a crucial anatomic region of the spine owing to its biomechanical role in facilitating articulation of the vertebrae of the spinal column. It is a diarthrodial joint with opposing articular cartilage surfaces that provide a low friction environment and a ligamentous capsule that encloses the joint space. Together with the disc, the bilateral facet joints transfer loads and guide and constrain motions in the spine due to their geometry and mechanical function. Although a great deal of research has focused on defining the biomechanics of the spine and the form and function of the disc, the facet joint has only recently become the focus of experimental, computational and clinical studies. This mechanical behavior ensures the normal health and function of the spine during physiologic loading but can also lead to its dysfunction when the tissues of the facet joint are altered either by injury, degeneration or as a result of surgical modification of the spine. The anatomical, biomechanical and physiological characteristics of the facet joints in the cervical and lumbar spines have become the focus of increased attention recently with the advent of surgical procedures of the spine, such as disc repair and replacement, which may impact facet responses. Accordingly, this review summarizes the relevant anatomy and biomechanics of the facet joint and the individual tissues that comprise it. In order to better understand the physiological implications of tissue loading in all conditions, a review of mechanotransduction pathways in the cartilage, ligament and bone is also presented ranging from the tissue-level scale to cellular modifications. With this context, experimental studies are summarized as they relate to the most common modifications that alter the biomechanics and health of the spine-injury and degeneration. In addition, many computational and finite element models have been developed that enable more-detailed and specific investigations of the facet joint and its tissues than are provided by experimental approaches and also that expand their utility for the field of biomechanics. These are also reviewed to provide a more complete summary of the current knowledge of facet joint mechanics. Overall, the goal of this review is to present a comprehensive review of the breadth and depth of knowledge regarding the mechanical and adaptive responses of the facet joint and its tissues across a variety of relevant size scales.

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Biomechanical investigation of thoracolumbar spine in different postures during ejection using a combined finite element and multi‐body approach

Tian

et al. 2014

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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The aim of this study is to investigate the dynamic response of a multi-segment model of the thoracolumbar spine and determine how the sitting posture affects the response under the impact of ejection. A nonlinear finite element model of the thoracolumbar-pelvis complex (T9-S1) was developed and validated. A multi-body dynamic model of a pilot was also constructed so an ejection seat restraint system could be incorporated into the finite element model. The distribution of trunk mass on each vertebra was also considered in the model. Dynamics analysis showed that ejection impact induced obvious axial compression and anterior flexion of the spine, which may contribute to spinal injuries. Compared with a normal posture, the relaxed posture led to an increase in stress on the cortical wall, endplate, and intradiscal pressure of 43%, 10%, 13%, respectively, and accordingly increased the risk of inducing spinal injuries.

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Finite element investigation of the loading rate effect on the spinal load-sharing changes under impact conditions

Cited by 137 publications

References 41 publications

Probabilistic Finite Element Analysis on Vertebra Lumbar Spine under Hyperextension Loading

Probabilistic Finite Element Analysis on Vertebra Lumbar Spine under Hyperextension Loading

Spinal Facet Joint Biomechanics and Mechanotransduction in Normal, Injury and Degenerative Conditions

Biomechanical investigation of thoracolumbar spine in different postures during ejection using a combined finite element and multi‐body approach

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