Finite-element modelling reveals force modulation of jaw adductors in stag beetles

Goyens, Jana; Soons, Joris; Aerts, Peter; Dirckx, Joris J.J.

doi:10.1098/rsif.2014.0908

Cited by 40 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The jaw material was modelled to be linearly elastic and isotropic, with a Young's modulus of 5.1 GPa and a Poisson ratio of 0.3. These material properties are the same as those measured for C. metallifer (Goyens et al, 2014b). The FE model of C. metallifer was previously successfully validated with an experimental measurement of the jaw deformation during biting using an optical technique (digital image correlation; Goyens et al, 2014b).…”

Section: Fe Simulations Of Jaw Bitingsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…These material properties are the same as those measured for C. metallifer (Goyens et al, 2014b). The FE model of C. metallifer was previously successfully validated with an experimental measurement of the jaw deformation during biting using an optical technique (digital image correlation; Goyens et al, 2014b). This ensures that the model accurately reproduces the biological reality (Bright, 2014;Rayfield, 2007).…”

Section: Fe Simulations Of Jaw Bitingsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…5A-C, respectively). Alternatively, they may reduce their failure risk by modulating their bite muscle force (as C. metallifer is capable of doing; Goyens et al, 2014b) or by enhanced material properties. Further, it can of course not be excluded that our assumptions regarding the size and stress of the bite muscles are less appropriate for these species.…”

Section: Mechanical Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size and stress of the bite muscle and the Young's modulus of the jaw exoskeleton are only known for C. metallifer (Goyens et al, 2014b). Based on the finding that these properties do not differ between sexes (i.e.…”

Section: Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This ensures that the model accurately reproduces the biological reality (Bright, 2014;Rayfield, 2007). For a detailed description of the model and its validation, see Goyens et al (2014b). A muscle force was applied at the muscle attachment site, which caused a moment about the jaw hinge.…”

Section: Fe Simulations Of Jaw Bitingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jaw morphology and fighting forces in stag beetles

Goyens

Dirckx

Aerts

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The jaws of different species of stag beetles show a large variety of shapes and sizes. The male jaws are used as weapons in fights, and they may exert a very forceful bite in some species. We investigated in 16 species whether and how the forcefulness of their bite is reflected in their jaw morphology. We found a large range of maximal muscle forces (1.8-33 N; factor of 18). Species investing in large bite muscles also have disproportionately large jaw volumes. They use this additional jaw volume to elongate their jaws, increasing their chances of winning in battles. The fact that this also decreases the mechanical advantage is largely compensated for by elongated in-levers. As a result, high muscle forces are correlated with elevated bite forces (0.27-7.6 N; factor of 28). Despite the large difference in the forcefulness of their bite, all investigated species experience similar Von Mises stresses in their jaws while biting (29-114 MPa; factor of 4.0; calculated with finite element simulations). Hence, stag beetles have successfully adapted their jaw anatomy according to their bite force in fights

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Section: Fe Simulations Of Jaw Bitingsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Fe Simulations Of Jaw Bitingsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Mechanical Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fe Simulations Of Jaw Bitingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jaw morphology and fighting forces in stag beetles

Goyens

Dirckx

Aerts

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Large deformation diffeomorphic mapping of 3D shape variation reveals two distinct mandible and head capsule morphs in Atta vollenweideri leaf‐cutter worker ants

Imirzian,

Püffel,

Roces

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Ants are crucial ecosystem engineers, and their ecological success is facilitated by a division of labour among sterile “workers”. In some ant lineages, workers have undergone further morphological differentiation, resulting in differences in body size, shape, or both. Distinguishing between changes in size and shape is not trivial. Traditional approaches based on allometry reduce complex 3D shapes into simple linear, areal, or volume metrics; modern approaches using geometric morphometrics typically rely on landmarks, introducing observer bias and a trade‐off between effort and accuracy. Here, we use a landmark‐free method based on large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) to assess the co‐variation of size and 3D shape in the mandibles and head capsules of Atta vollenweideri leaf‐cutter ants, a species exhibiting extreme worker size‐variation. Body mass varied by more than two orders of magnitude, but a shape atlas created via LDDMM on μ‐CT‐derived 3D mesh files revealed only two distinct head capsule and mandibles shapes—one for the minims (body mass < 1 mg) and one for all other workers. We discuss the functional significance of the identified 3D shape variation, and its implications for the evolution of extreme polymorphism in Atta.

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Biocycle between Design and Additive Manufacturing

Scognamiglio

Capece

Luca

et al. 2021

Macromolecular Symposia

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The paper describes the experience of research and experimentation conducted for the configuration of a new "Biocycle" bike conceived through eco-friendly and bio-inspired design methods and with the support of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies aimed to achieve a customized and flexible production. According to this logic, it is necessary to consider the AM as a valid support to both innovation and growth of many sectors in which creativity and design capacity play a strategic role for original solutions. The multidisciplinary approach and the collaboration between research institutes, companies, laboratories and universities, characterize the design and experimentation of the Biocycle. This has enabled the development of a new bicycle according to eco-design and bio-design criteria, by using recycled materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), by introducing the principles of the environmental design into the definition of the entire product life cycle and by merging traditional production methods with AM to optimize the performance and reduce the overall weight, costs, and production time of the frame. To support the design phase, also a finite element (FE) model was developed. The aim is to obtain lightweight performing components with compact and ergonomic dimensions for the eco-bike. This leads to the synthesis of new unconventional shapes and a better distribution of the material from the topological-functional optimization analysis as well as AM. Advanced Models and Experiences for Eco-DesignThe contribution describes the research experience carried out at the Design and Experimentation laboratory of the University of Campania L. Vanvitelli. Data and information are shared according to a systemic approach integrated between technical,

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Finite-element modelling reveals force modulation of jaw adductors in stag beetles

Cited by 40 publications

References 46 publications

Jaw morphology and fighting forces in stag beetles

Jaw morphology and fighting forces in stag beetles

Large deformation diffeomorphic mapping of 3D shape variation reveals two distinct mandible and head capsule morphs in Atta vollenweideri leaf‐cutter worker ants

Biocycle between Design and Additive Manufacturing

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