“…The electro-hydraulic servo system [ 4 , 5 ], as a subsystem of the real-time hybrid test, has high intrinsic frequency and loop gain, high control accuracy of displacement, velocity, force, and excellent tracking performance. In recent years, research on electro-hydraulic servo control systems has focused on the online identification of nonlinear parameters [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], state observation [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], fault detection [ 17 ], dead zone compensation [ 18 ], PID algorithms [ 19 ], sliding mode control [ 20 ], neural networks [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], and other methods to achieve accurate control of the system.…”