Fire in the Earth System

Bowman, David M. J. S.; Balch, Jennifer K.; Artaxo, Paulo; Bond, William J.; Carlson, Jean M.; Cochrane, Mark A.; D’Antonio, Carla M.; DeFries, Ruth; Doyle, John C.; Harrison, Sandy P.; Johnston, Fay H.; Keeley, Jon E.; Krawchuk, Meg A.; Kull, Christian A.; Marston, J. B.; Moritz, Max A.; Prentice, Iain Colin; Roos, Christopher I.; Scott, Andrew C.; Swetnam, Thomas W.; Werf, Guido R. van der; Pyne, Stephen J.

doi:10.1126/science.1163886

Cited by 2,656 publications

(1,846 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

1,705

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…MODIS AOT values are calculated by retrieval algorithms based on lookup tables for different particles which depend on scattering geometries (Tanre et al, 1997). Error estimations of MODIS AOT retrievals have been investigated by comparison with ground-based AERONET (e.g., Remer et al, 2005;Bréon et al, 2011) and MAN observations (e.g., Adames et al, 2011;Smirnov et al, 2011;Schutgens et al, 2013). Here we use the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) L3 Shi et al, 2011) data that are derived from MODIS L2 observations through additional quality checks and empirical correction formulae.…”

Section: Observational Data Sets For Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire emission heights in the climate system – Part 2: Impact on transport, black carbon concentrations and radiation

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Wildfires represent a major source for aerosols impacting atmospheric radiation, atmospheric chemistry and cloud micro-physical properties. Previous case studies indicated that the height of the aerosol-radiation interaction may crucially affect atmospheric radiation, but the sensitivity to emission heights has been examined with only a few models and is still uncertain. In this study we use the general circulation model ECHAM6 extended by the aerosol module HAM2 to investigate the impact of wildfire emission heights on atmospheric long-range transport, black carbon (BC) concentrations and atmospheric radiation. We simulate the wildfire aerosol release using either various versions of a semiempirical plume height parametrization or prescribed standard emission heights in ECHAM6-HAM2. Extreme scenarios of near-surface or free-tropospheric-only injections provide lower and upper constraints on the emission height climate impact. We find relative changes in mean global atmospheric BC burden of up to 7.9 ± 4.4 % caused by average changes in emission heights of 1.5-3.5 km. Regionally, changes in BC burden exceed 30-40 % in the major biomass burning regions. The model evaluation of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) against Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observations indicates that the implementation of a plume height parametrization slightly reduces the ECHAM6-HAM2 biases regionally, but on the global scale these improvements in model performance are small. For prescribed emission release at the surface, wildfire emissions entail a total sky top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative forcing (RF) of −0.16 ± 0.06 W m −2 . The application of a plume height parametrization which agrees reasonably well with observations introduces a slightly stronger negative TOA RF of −0.20 ± 0.07 W m −2 . The standard ECHAM6-HAM2 model in which 25 % of the wildfire emissions are injected into the free troposphere (FT) and 75 % into the planetary boundary layer (PBL), leads to a TOA RF of −0.24 ± 0.06 W m −2 . Overall, we conclude that simple plume height parametrizations provide sufficient representations of emission heights for global climate modeling. Significant improvements in aerosol wildfire modeling likely depend on better emission inventories and aerosol process modeling rather than on improved emission height parametrizations.

show abstract

Section: Observational Data Sets For Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire emission heights in the climate system – Part 2: Impact on transport, black carbon concentrations and radiation

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Stand‐replacing fire is widespread, particularly in the boreal forest (Bowman et al. 2009). Time since fire (TSF) plays an important role in influencing plant coexistence, succession, and/or other ecosystem processes (Johnson 1996; Grandpré et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree species richness decreases while species evenness increases with disturbance frequency in a natural boreal forest landscape

Yeboah

Chen

Kingston

2016

Ecology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding species diversity and disturbance relationships is important for biodiversity conservation in disturbance‐driven boreal forests. Species richness and evenness may respond differently with stand development following fire. Furthermore, few studies have simultaneously accounted for the influences of climate and local site conditions on species diversity. Using forest inventory data, we examined the relationships between species richness, Shannon's index, evenness, and time since last stand‐replacing fire (TSF) in a large landscape of disturbance‐driven boreal forest. TSF has negative effect on species richness and Shannon's index, and a positive effect on species evenness. Path analysis revealed that the environmental variables affect richness and Shannon's index only through their effects on TSF while affecting evenness directly as well as through their effects on TSF. Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate that species richness and Shannon's index decrease while species evenness increases with TSF in a boreal forest landscape. Furthermore, we show that disturbance frequency, local site conditions, and climate simultaneously influence tree species diversity through complex direct and indirect effects in the studied boreal forest.

show abstract

“…Forest fires are one of the most significant factors threatening the extinction of wild animals and natural vegetation (Rajeev Kumar et al 2002). In some cases, forest fires cause major disturbances that result in enormous physical, biological, socioeconomic and environmental losses (Bowman et al 2009;Paz et al 2011;Eskandari, Chuvieco 2015). Evaluation of the spatial relationship between the location of hotspot occurrence and specific geographical factors near the hotspots is essential.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of forest fire risk using the Apriori algorithm and fuzzy c-means clustering

Jafarzadeh¹,

Mahdavi²,

Jafarzadeh³

2017

J. For. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Jafarzadeh A.A., Mahdavi A., Jafarzadeh H. (2017): Evaluation of forest fire risk using the Apriori algorithm and fuzzy c-means clustering. J. For. Sci., In this study we evaluated forest fire risk in the west of Iran using the Apriori algorithm and fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering. We used twelve different input parameters to model fire risk in Ilam Province. Our results with minimum support and minimum confidence show strong relationships between wildfire occurrence and eight variables (distance from settlement, population density, distance from road, slope, standing dead oak trees, temperature, land cover and distance from farm land). In this study, we defined three clusters for each variable: low, middle and high. The data regarding the factors affecting forest fire risk were distributed in these three clusters with different degrees of membership and the final map of all factors was classified by FCM clustering. Each layer was then created in a geographic information system. Finally, wildfire risks in the area obtained from overlaying these layers were classified into five categories, from very low to very high according to the degree of danger.

show abstract

Fire in the Earth System

Cited by 2,656 publications

References 44 publications

Fire emission heights in the climate system – Part 2: Impact on transport, black carbon concentrations and radiation

Fire emission heights in the climate system – Part 2: Impact on transport, black carbon concentrations and radiation

Tree species richness decreases while species evenness increases with disturbance frequency in a natural boreal forest landscape

Evaluation of forest fire risk using the Apriori algorithm and fuzzy c-means clustering

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About