Fire Occurrences and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon

Silva, Claudia Arantes; Santilli, Giancarlo; Sano, Edson Eyji; Laneve, Giovanni

doi:10.3390/rs13030376

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Moreover, the proportional increase of deforested areai.e., % of average area deforested to total vegetation cover during 2007–2014was the highest in municipalities around Manaus among all municipality regions of Brazil . This high deforestation rate around Manaus has been strongly correlated with slash-and-burn fires to clear out forested land for agricultural or industrial purposes. , This makes Manaus an appropriate center of the study domain to also look at the impact of biomass burning with respect to background conditions on aerosol phase state.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling Volatility-Based Aerosol Phase State Predictions in the Amazon Rainforest

Rasool

Shrivastava

Octaviani

et al. 2021

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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Organic aerosol (OA) is a complex matrix of various constituentsfresh (primary organic aerosolsPOA) and aged via oxidation (secondary organic aerosolsSOA), generated from biogenic, anthropogenic, and biomass burning sources. The viscosity of OA can be critical in influencing new particle formation, reactive uptake processes that impact evaporation-growth kinetics, and the lifetime of particles in the atmosphere. This work utilizes a well-defined relationship between volatility and viscosity for pure compounds, which we incorporated within the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled to chemistry (WRF-Chem) to simulate the phase state and viscosity of bulk OA during the dry-to-wet transition season (September–October) in the Amazon rainforest during 2014. Our simulations indicate spatial and temporal heterogeneity in aerosol phase state often not captured by global-scale models. We show the strong role of water associated with organic aerosol (w s) as the dominant factor that can be used to quantitatively estimate OA viscosity. Analysis of WRF-Chem simulations across the entire atmospheric column indicates a strong inverse log-linear relationship between w s and OA viscosity with a correlation coefficient approaching 1, in the background and biomass burning-influenced conditions. At high altitudes where relative humidity (RH) and temperatures are low, our simulations indicate that OA exists in a semisolid-/solid-like phase state, consistent with previous studies. OA hygroscopicity is strongly correlated (ca. −0.8) with OA viscosity at RH ca. 30–50%, but this RH range is found mostly at low OA concentrations and the middle troposphere (ca. 6–10 km altitudes) in our simulated domain. OA hygroscopicity is uncorrelated with viscosity at higher-RH (near surface) and lower-RH (upper troposphere) regimes. At the urban site near surface, where day–night differences in RH are significant, RH is found to drive the phase state. At the background forested site near surface, where day–night RH differences are small, biomass burning-influenced OA is semisolid and a significant OA associated with background conditions is liquid-like. Simulations indicate a long tail of OA viscosity frequency distributions extending in the semisolid/solid regimes over background biogenic-influenced conditions due to the role of low-volatility OA components such as monoterpene oxidation products.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…61 This high deforestation rate around Manaus has been strongly correlated with slash-and-burn fires to clear out forested land for agricultural or industrial purposes. 62,63 This makes Manaus an appropriate center of the study domain to also look at the impact of biomass burning with respect to background conditions on aerosol phase state.…”

Section: ■ Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Volatility-Based Aerosol Phase State Predictions in the Amazon Rainforest

Rasool

Shrivastava

Octaviani

et al. 2021

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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“…Within the context of the Montreal Protocol, these changes in solar UV radiation together with other climate variables (e.g. temperature, moisture availability) can have detrimental effects on biodiversity, GHG emissions [1,82,83], carbon storage [81], ecological resilience, productivity of forests and crops, and lead to species replacement and potential deterioration of ecosystem functioning [84]. Many organisms use temperature as a cue to control the seasonal timing of their life stages, growth and development through the year (i.e.…”

Section: Extreme Climate Events Modify the Exposure Of Terrestrial Ec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021

Barnes

Robson

Neale

et al. 2022

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel of the Montreal Protocol under the United Nations Environment Programme evaluates effects on the environment and human health that arise from changes in the stratospheric ozone layer and concomitant variations in ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth’s surface. The current update is based on scientific advances that have accumulated since our last assessment (Photochem and Photobiol Sci 20(1):1–67, 2021). We also discuss how climate change affects stratospheric ozone depletion and ultraviolet radiation, and how stratospheric ozone depletion affects climate change. The resulting interlinking effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change are assessed in terms of air quality, carbon sinks, ecosystems, human health, and natural and synthetic materials. We further highlight potential impacts on the biosphere from extreme climate events that are occurring with increasing frequency as a consequence of climate change. These and other interactive effects are examined with respect to the benefits that the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments are providing to life on Earth by controlling the production of various substances that contribute to both stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change.

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“…in slash-andburn practices) or for resource extraction. Escaping fires affecting surrounding forests were also reported but their impact was not quantified [53,[83][84][85]. In extractive reserves very small-scale deforestation by extractivists was observed in the 1980s (in patches of up to 1.8 ha) in Acre [81] and in the 1990s and 2000s (in patches up to 4.2 ha) in Amapá [80], both in Brazil.…”

Section: ) How Do the Proximate Causes Underlying Drivers And Moderat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic comparison of deforestation drivers and policy effectiveness across the Amazon biome

Hänggli

Levy

Armenteras

et al. 2023

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The Amazon biome, spanning nine countries, has one of the highest rates of deforestation worldwide. This deforestation contributes to biodiversity loss, climate change, the spread of infectious diseases, and damage to rural and indigenous livelihoods. Hundreds of articles have been published on the topic of deforestation across Amazonia, yet there has been no recent synthesis of deforestation drivers and deforestation-control policy effectiveness in the region. Here we undertook the first systematic review of papers published between 2000 to 2021 that have causally linked proximate and underlying drivers and policies to deforestation outcomes in Amazonia. In the 155 articles that met our inclusion criteria, we find that causal research is concentrated in Brazil, and to a lesser degree Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia. There has been little study of the Guianas, Venezuela or Colombia. Large- and small-scale agriculture linked to improved market access and high agricultural prices are frequently researched proximate drivers of deforestation across the heavily researched regions. In the Guianas research focuses on mining with little focus on underlying causes. Research on infrastructure expansion, mining and oil extraction and on technological, sociocultural, and institutional factors remains sparse. Many public and private policies have been found to be effective in controlling deforestation across the biome, with protected areas standing out as particularly successful in slowing deforestation, vis-à-vis supply chain approaches. Our findings indicate a greater need for research on: i) additional deforestation drivers beyond agriculture and economic factors; ii) the complex interactions between different drivers and deforestation control policies; iii) causes underlying deforestation in low or new deforestation areas; and iv) the dynamics between Amazonian subregions and countries. Better understanding of all deforestation drivers and the effectiveness of existing deforestation mitigation policies is a prerequisite for completely halting deforestation in Amazonia.

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Fire Occurrences and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon

Cited by 31 publications

References 66 publications

Modeling Volatility-Based Aerosol Phase State Predictions in the Amazon Rainforest

Modeling Volatility-Based Aerosol Phase State Predictions in the Amazon Rainforest

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021

A systematic comparison of deforestation drivers and policy effectiveness across the Amazon biome

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