Fire resistance and mechanical properties of powder-epoxy composites reinforced with recycled glass fiber laminate

Abstract

In this article the effect of type and content of fractions of recycled glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) on the mechanical properties and flame resistance of epoxy composites (EP) were investi gated. For this purpose, postproduction waste of glass fabric reinforced laminate with epoxy matrix containing 15 wt % of aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlDPi), 10 wt % of melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and 15 wt % of zinc borate (ZB) was ground and sieved to obtain four fractions of grain size: >1 mm (A), 1-0.5 mm (B), 0.25-0.5 mm (C) and <0.25 mm (D). The two smallest fractions (C, D) were used to prepare epoxy composites containing 10, 15 and 20 wt % of waste. The mechanical properties and fire resistance of obtained composites aimed as structural elements of seat equipment in public transport were determined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also performed to investigate the morphology of brittle fractures of epoxy composites. It was found that the amount and type of recyclated GFRP fraction affects the functional properties of powderepoxy resin composites. The best results were obtained for the composite containing 15 wt % of the smallest fraction (D), as all mechanical properties were significantly improved [hardness 147.6 N/mm 2 (+42.5%), impact strength 9.64 kJ/m 2 (+11%), Young's modulus 2.98 GPa (+41.5%), tensile strength 51.5 MPa (+37%) and flexural strength 98.7 MPa (+10.9%)]. On the other hand, significant decrease in mechanical properties was observed for the composite containing 20 wt % of the fractions with grain size 0.5-0.25 mm (C). The analysis of the brittle fractions morphology of composites, indicates the weak dispersion and agglomerates formation in the case of composites with coarsegrained fractions. This also contributed to the flammability results. The highest flame resistance was found in the composite with 20 wt % of the finegrained fraction: limiting oxygen index LOI = 26.1% instead of 20.6%-EP, peak of heat release rate pHRR = 540.3 kW/m 2 instead of 940.1 kW/m 2-EP.

Application of polymer concrete containing industrial bottom ashes in footing plates for energy poles

“…However, they are competitive with traditional concretes in some applications, due to better mechanical properties, much better chemical resistance and much greater durability (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). The resin matrix, due to its good adhesion to various surfaces, allows the use of a much wider range of aggregate types than in traditional concretes (11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

The Effect of Manufacture Process on Mechanical Properties and Burning Behavior of Epoxy-Based Hybrid Composites

“…In most cases, the impact of ratio and mutual layering in the composite was the most crucial issue. At the same time, considering the flammability of hybrid composites, systems containing up to two types of fibers are investigated, with the simultaneous introduction of a flame retardant or inorganic particle-shaped fillers [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Still, no comprehensive studies have been reported on evaluating multi-material laminates produced by various manufacturing techniques, considering the analysis of mechanical and flammability properties related to the structure and quality of final products.…”

Investigating the Effect of Aluminum Diethylphosphinate on Thermal Stability, Flame Retardancy, and Mechanical Properties of Poly(butylene succinate)

“…Furthermore, they are environmentally friendly flame retardants because no harmful and toxic substances are released during combustion. Especially, aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) is one of the most commonly used dialkylphosphinate salts, which has been widely added to improve the flame retardancy of polyethylene (PE), polyamide 6 (PA6), polyurethane (PU), polybutylece terephthalate (PBT), and epoxy resin (EP) (Ma et al, 2019;Oliwa et al, 2020;Pan et al, 2020;Hu et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2021). It is acceptant that AlPi can not only play a flame retardant role in the condensed phase to promote the formation of polymer carbon but also remove high energy active free radicals in the combustion zone (Liu et al, 2021).…”