Fire Resistance Testing of a Timber-Glass Composite Beam

Sjöström, Johan; Kozłowski, Marcin; Honfí, Dániel; Lange, David; Albrektsson, Joakim; Lenk, Peter; Eriksson, Jerry

doi:10.3844/sgamrsp.2020.24.40

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, there are still several open questions regarding the design of load-bearing glass. Among others, one of the challenging issues that will be partly addressed in this paper is related to the increased thermal exposure of glass in facades, and its effects on the mechanical properties of load-bearing glass systems [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Of 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Energy-Efficiency Assessment of Novel Hybrid CLT-Glass Facade Elements

Rajčić¹,

Perković²,

Bedon³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Facade elements are known to represent a building component with multiple performance parameters to satisfy. Among others, "advanced facades" take advantage of hybrid solutions, like the assemblage of laminated materials. In addition to enhanced mechanical properties that are typical of optimally composed hybrid structural components, these systems are energy-efficient, durable, and offer lightening comfort and optimal thermal performance. This is the case of the structural solution developed in joint research efforts of the University of Zagreb and the University of Ljubljana, within the Croatian Science Foundation VETROLIGNUM project. The design concept involves the mechanical interaction of timber and glass load-bearing members, without sealing or bonded glass-to-timber surfaces. Laminated glass infilled timber frames are recognized as a new generation of structural members with relevant load-carrying capacity (and especially the enhancement of earthquake resistance of framed systems), but also energy-efficient and cost-effective solutions. In this paper, a special focus is then dedicated to the thermal performance assessment of these innovative CLT-glass facade modules under ordinary operational conditions. Numerical modelling of a full-scale mock-up building is first presented, by taking advantage of continuous ambient records of environmental and thermal comfort parameters. Afterward, a more detailed Finite Element (FE) numerical analysis is carried out at the component level (CLT-glass facade element). The numerical results show that the even the use of a bare / thermally no optimized CLT-glass composite panel for facade systems can be energy efficient and offer stable thermal performances, that are almost in line with national and European standards requirements.

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Section: Of 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Energy-Efficiency Assessment of Novel Hybrid CLT-Glass Facade Elements

Rajčić¹,

Perković²,

Bedon³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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show abstract

“…The required surface film and surface radiation surface interactions able to account for the thermal exposure of glass and timber (for both the indoor and outdoor faces) were defined according to literature background for similar structural solutions Sjöström et al, 2020). Along the longitudinal and transversal mid-section of the so assembled FE models, finally, symmetry conditions were accounted to reproduce the thermal performance of 1/4th model as a part of the full-scale facade element.…”

Section: Component Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though several European standards apply to glass products (EN 12543-2; prEN 13474-2), an harmonized and exhaustive Eurocode for the load-bearing design of glass structures in Europe is still in preparation (Feldmann and Di Biase, 2018;CEN/TC 250, 2019a;2019b) and national guidelines for dimensioning or verification of glass elements are available (see for example (CNR-DT 210/2013;Buildings Department, 2018;Feldmann et al, 2014). Further open issues for the design of load-bearing glass elements are represented by elevated thermal exposures and related effects on the mechanical material properties (Bedon, 2017;Bedon and Louter, 2018;Kozlowski et al, 2018;Sjöström et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basis of Guidelines for Structural Design and Thermal Assessment of Buildings with Hybrid CLT-Glass Elements

Perković¹,

Rajčić²,

Bedon³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Structural Glass and Advanced Material

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Facade elements are known to represent a building component with multiple performance parameters to satisfy. Among others, "advanced facades" take advantage from hybrid solutions, like the assemblage of laminated materials. In addition to enhanced mechanical properties that are typical of optimally composed hybrid structural components, these systems are energy efficient, durable and offer lightening comfort and optimal thermal performance. This is the case of the structural solution developed in joint research efforts of University of Zagreb and University of Ljubljana, within the Croatian VETROLIGNUM project. The design concept involves the mechanical interaction of timber and glass load-bearing members, without sealing or glued glass-to-timber surfaces. Laminated glass infilled timber frames are in fact recognized as a new generation of structural members with relevant load-carrying capacity (and especially the enhancement of earthquake resistance of framed systems), but also energy-efficient and cost-effective solutions. In this paper, brief guidelines for the optimal structural design of glass infilled Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) framed systems are presented. A special focus is then dedicated to the thermal performance assessment of these innovative CLT-glass facade modules under ordinary operational conditions. Finite Element numerical models of single elements are developed to reproduce a full-size mock-up building. The actual thermal performance is thus carried out with the support of continuous ambient records. The numerical results show that the CLT-glass composite facade system can be efficient and offer stable performances, in line with national and European standards requirements.

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“…This operational condition is typical of horizontal building components in roofs or slabs (i.e., Figure 2) that are already designed with ordinary glass, but could be even subjected to a thermo-mechanical combination of actions. In this regard, few literature studies can be found about the mechanical behaviour and load-bearing capacity of structural glass components under combined fire and sustained out-of-plane loading [3,18,19]. This paper explores further the reliability of the available failure detection methods that are expected to support the required verifications, towards the definition of standardized procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity to Input Parameters of Failure Detection Methods for Out-of-Plane Loaded Glass Panels in Fire

Kozłowski

Bedon

2021

Fire

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In recent years, glass has been a largely used material for load-bearing or non-structural components in buildings and constructions. For this reason, dedicated calculation methods and approaches are required for the major loading and boundary conditions that are of technical interest for safe design purposes. Among others, the resistance and mechanical performance of glass elements under fire exposure still represents an open challenge. This paper elaborates on the failure detection methods for out-of-plane loaded glass panels that are subjected to fire loading and simultaneous mechanical loads. As known, the conventional method for thermal failure detection is based on the maximum temperature gradient in glass, and its comparison with a set of allowable standardized values. However, especially for ordinary glass components in buildings that are required to sustain combined mechanical loads, the overall structural performance is even more complex to predict. This design issue is given to a combination of pure mechanical aspects (i.e., sustained loads and corresponding stress–strain analysis) and thermo-physical phenomena, that depend on the progressive modification of material properties while increasing temperatures. This research study, accordingly, investigates the sensitivity of input parameters on the failure time of a given glass element under fire and sustained mechanical loads. A major advantage is taken from finite element (FE) numerical analyses and standardized failure detection methods of literature, that are selected for comparative purposes. Further, the paper also introduces the “stress approach” that can be used to quantify (in place of the conventional thermal gradient) the actual effects of assigned thermal exposure and mechanical loads.

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Fire Resistance Testing of a Timber-Glass Composite Beam

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Thermal and Energy-Efficiency Assessment of Novel Hybrid CLT-Glass Facade Elements

Thermal and Energy-Efficiency Assessment of Novel Hybrid CLT-Glass Facade Elements

Basis of Guidelines for Structural Design and Thermal Assessment of Buildings with Hybrid CLT-Glass Elements

Sensitivity to Input Parameters of Failure Detection Methods for Out-of-Plane Loaded Glass Panels in Fire

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