Fire responses to postglacial climate change and human impact in northern Patagonia (41–43°S)

Iglesias, Virginia; Whitlock, Cathy

doi:10.1073/pnas.1410443111

Cited by 47 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Previous analyses of the distribution of GCD sites in climate space showed that the data set has relatively broad coverage with respect to global biomes and climate gradients (Daniau et al, 2012). Many newly published fire-history records exist that can potentially be incorporated into subsequent versions of the GCD (Brown, 2005;Han et al, 2012;Harley et al, 2012;Iglesias et al, 2012;Daniau et al, 2013;Kelly et al, 2013;QuintanaKrupinski et al, 2013;Tan and Huang, 2013;Cordeiro et al, 2014;Courtney Mustaphi and Pisaric, 2014;Dunnette et al, 2014;Higuera et al, 2014;Iglesias and Whitlock, 2014;Neumann et al, 2014;Walsh et al, 2015) and many more are in development that will fill important spatial gaps where fire is key, including Africa and the tropics.…”

Section: Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconstructions of biomass burning from sediment-charcoal records to improve data–model comparisons

Kelly²,

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The location, timing, spatial extent, and frequency of wildfires are changing rapidly in many parts of the world, producing substantial impacts on ecosystems, people, and potentially climate. Paleofire records based on charcoal accumulation in sediments enable modern changes in biomass burning to be considered in their long-term context. Paleofire records also provide insights into the causes and impacts of past wildfires and emissions when analyzed in conjunction with other paleoenvironmental data and with fire models. Here we present new 1000-year and 22 000-year trends and gridded biomass burning reconstructions based on the Global Charcoal Database version 3 (GCDv3), which includes 736 charcoal records (57 more than in version 2). The new gridded reconstructions reveal the spatial patterns underlying the temporal trends in the data, allowing insights into likely controls on biomass burning at regional to global scales. In the most recent few decades, biomass burning has sharply increased in both hemispheres but especially in the north, where charcoal fluxes are now higher than at any other time during the past 22 000 years. We also discuss methodological issues relevant to data-model comparisons and identify areas for future research. Spatially gridded versions of the global data set from GCDv3 are provided to facilitate comparison with and validation of global fire simulations.

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Section: Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sedimentary records are unique among these data sources because of the broad temporal and spatial coverage they provide, which includes reconstructions of fire history at local to global spatial scales and decadal to millennial temporal scales (e.g., Carcaillet et al, 2002;Brown, 2005;Marlon et al, 2008;Iglesias and Whitlock, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructions of biomass burning from sediment-charcoal records to improve data–model comparisons

Kelly²,

et al. 2016

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“…6000-5500 cal yr BP, whereas trees were dominant at ca. 8000-7000 and 6300-6000 cal yr BP (Iglesias et al, 2014). Vegetation fluctuations on centennial time-scales have also been inferred for the early to middle Holocene and associated with periods of erosion at L. Huala Hué (Iglesias et al, 2012a), L. Cóndor (Iglesias et al, 2012b), Cordón Serrucho (Markgraf et al, 2013), L. La Zeta and L. Theobald (Iglesias et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Independent proxies at other sites, including diatoms, chironomids and stable isotopes, suggest that the late-glacial/early Holocene transition was characterized by pronounced environmental fluctuations, but the timing of these fluctuations is asynchronous from site to site (Pendall et al, 2001;Huber et al, 2004;Wille et al, 2007;Massaferro et al, 2009;Markgraf and Huber, 2010;Iglesias et al, 2012a). At L. La Zeta (latitude 43ᵒS), for example, a dramatic decline in Nothofagus pollen and rise in Poaceae and Asteraceae occurred between 13,900 and 12,930 cal yr BP (Iglesias et al, 2014). At L.…”

Section: Paleoenvironmental History Of the Eastern Flanks Of The Andesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although growing human populations in some watersheds (e.g., Belleli et al, 2003;Podestá et al, 2007;Méndez and Reyes, 2008) could have altered the probability of ignition and the distribution of fuel, a climate forcing seems to be sufficient to explain the vegetation changes observed at the time, especially at the regional scale (e.g., Iglesias and Whitlock, 2014).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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17,000 years of vegetation, fire and climate change in the eastern foothills of the Andes (lat. 44°S)

Iglesias

Markgraf

Whitlock

2016

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Paleoenvironmental records from Patagonia reveal the importance of latitude, longitude and elevation in shaping the response of vegetation to climate change. We examined the vegetation, fire and watershed history from two sites at lat. 44°S, as inferred from pollen, charcoal and lithologic data. These reconstructions were compared with independent paleoenvironmental records to better understand ecosystem dynamics along the southeastern Andes (lat. 41-50°S).Our results show that at lat. 44°S, late-glacial heath-steppe was colonized by trees at ~14,200 cal yr BP and forests became more closed at 11,500 cal yr BP. Differences in forest cover between the two sites are attributed to elevation-dependent disparities in humidity and fire. North of lat.44°S, increasing precipitation favored initial forest development at 16,500 cal yr BP, while dry conditions restricted tree expansion in the south until 7000 cal yr BP. The time-transgressive pattern is attributed to a gradual southward shift in the Southern Westerlies resulting from deglaciation and increasing annual insoltion. Present-day vegetation developed at all latitudes during the middle to late Holocene, when the core of the Southern Westerlies reached its modern position (50°S). Asynchronous forest expansions north and south of lat. 45°S between 5000 and 3000 cal yr BP are ascribed to centennial cycles of contraction and expansion of the Southern Westerlies, which led to seasonal variations in precipitation at the core and northern border of the wind belt. Synchronous oscillations in tree abundance along the eastern Andes prevailed during the last 3000 years. Decreased forest cover at all latitudes between 2500 and 1500 cal yr BP is concurrent with La Nina-like conditions and high solar irradiance. These climate drivers likely decreased effective moisture and favored fires at all latitudes.

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Global fire history of grassland biomes

Leys

Marlon

Umbanhowar

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Grasslands are globally extensive; they exist in many different climates, at high and low elevations, on nutrient‐rich and nutrient‐poor soils. Grassland distributions today are closely linked to human activities, herbivores, and fire, but many have been converted to urban areas, forests, or agriculture fields. Roughly 80% of fires globally occur in grasslands each year, making fire a critical process in grassland dynamics. Yet, little is known about the long‐term history of fire in grasslands. Here, we analyze sedimentary archives to reconstruct grassland fire histories during the Holocene. Given that grassland locations change over time, we compare several charcoal‐based fire reconstructions based on alternative classification schemes: (a) sites from modern grassland locations; (b) sites that were likely grasslands during the mid‐Holocene; and (c) sites based on author‐derived classifications. We also compare fire histories from grassland sites, forested sites, and all sites globally over the past 12,000 years. Forested versus grassland sites show different trends: grassland burning increased from the early to mid‐Holocene, reaching a maximum about 8000–6000 years ago, and subsequently declined, reaching a minimum around 4000 years ago. In contrast, biomass burning in forests increased during the Holocene until about 2000 years ago. Continental grassland fire history reconstructions show opposing Holocene trends in North versus South America, whereas grassland burning in Australia was highly variable in the early Holocene and much more stable after the mid‐Holocene. The sharp differences in continental as well as forest versus grassland Holocene fire history trajectories have important implications for our understanding of global biomass burning and its emissions, the global carbon cycle, biodiversity, conservation, and land management.

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Fire responses to postglacial climate change and human impact in northern Patagonia (41–43°S)

Cited by 47 publications

References 56 publications

Reconstructions of biomass burning from sediment-charcoal records to improve data–model comparisons

Reconstructions of biomass burning from sediment-charcoal records to improve data–model comparisons

17,000 years of vegetation, fire and climate change in the eastern foothills of the Andes (lat. 44°S)

Global fire history of grassland biomes

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