Fire retardancy of polyurea and silylated α-zirconium phosphate composites with ammonium polyphosphate

Cai, Guipeng; Wilkie, Charles A.

doi:10.1177/0734904113491469

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The thermal stability and fire resistance of polyurea with silylated zirconium phosphate and ammonium polyphosphate were investigated [70]. Adding ammonium polyphos-phate reduces the composites' thermal stability with and without silylated zirconium phosphate.…”

Section: Improvement Of Fire Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the fillers mentioned above and researched by the authors, many other additives can be considered to increase the fire resistance of PU. In particular, α-zirconium phosphate Zr(HPO 4 ) 2H 2 O (α-ZrP) is promising, mainly due to the controllable aspect ratio of platelets [70][71][72]. ZrP has the capacity to exchange 664 meq/100 g, seven times more than montmorillonite (92.6 meq/100 g) [72].…”

Section: Improvement Of Fire Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Flame Retardant Additives Used for Polyurea-Based Elastomers—A Review

Dukarski,

Rykowska,

Krzyżanowski

et al. 2024

Fire

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The growing interest in modern polymer materials has targeted research on complex plastic coatings and the possibilities of modifying their features and properties during manufacturing. Today’s modern coatings, including polyurea and polyurethane, are among the most modern developed resins. Compared to other polymer coatings, they are distinguished by their versatility, strength, and durability. They undoubtedly represent the next step in the evolution of coatings. Advances in coating technology have also led to the development of spray, injection, and roto-cast application equipment, improving polyurea-based elastomers’ performance. For many years, there has been much interest in increasing the flame resistance of polymers. This is dictated by safety considerations and the increasing requirements for the flammability of plastics, the area of application of which is growing every year. This text attempts to provide an overview of current research on flame retardant composites. Particular attention was paid to polyurea (PU) and polyurea-based hybrids and the application areas of polyurea coatings. The paper defines flame retardants, discusses how they work, and presents the types of flame retardants and the current trends of their usage in the production of plastics.

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Section: Improvement Of Fire Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Improvement Of Fire Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardant Additives Used for Polyurea-Based Elastomers—A Review

Dukarski,

Rykowska,

Krzyżanowski

et al. 2024

Fire

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As the primary fire hazard indicator for a material, the HRR was emphasized in fire research advances. 36 The HRR curve of CTC shows two peaks at 351 and 398 kW m 22 , respectively ( Figure 5(a)). After addition of MH, APPC, or EGC, the first HRR peak (P1-HRR) was reduced to 257, 249, and 168 kW m 22 , and the second HRR peak (P2-HRR) was reduced to 177, 198, and 128 kW m 22 , respectively.…”

Section: Fire Retardant Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal degradation and flammability behavior of fire-retarded wood flour/polypropylene composites

Sun

Xie

et al. 2016

Journal of Fire Sciences

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Magnesium hydroxide, expandable graphite, and ammonium polyphosphate were used to enhance the thermal stability and fire retardant properties on wood flour/polypropylene composites. The thermal decompositions and flammability properties were investigated using modulated thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimeter, and the activation energy of each decomposition process was also determined by modulated thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that both expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate promoted thermal degradation of wood flour and char formulation, and magnesium hydroxide did not influence on the wood flour decomposition. Unlike in nitrogen atmosphere, magnesium hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate increased the peak temperature of wood flour thermal degradation and diminished the decomposition peaks of polypropylene in air atmosphere. Cone calorimeter results showed that expandable graphite greatly reduced the heat and smoke release. A general activation energy range of 187-226 kJ mol 21 (in nitrogen), 165-206 kJ mol 21 (in air) at wood flour degradation stage, 237-262 kJ mol 21 (in nitrogen), and 185-269 kJ mol 21 (in air) at polypropylene degradation stage were proposed for wood flour/polypropylene composite with and without fire retardants.

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“…Much research addresses the problem of polyurea elastomers' flammability [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. There are many ways to reduce the flammability of polymeric materials, including polyurea [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coating Composites Based on Polyurea Elastomers with Increased Fire Resistance and Their Use as Roofing Systems

et al. 2023

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This paper presents the results of tests on elastomer coatings based on polyurea–polyurethane formulation with increased fire parameters. Coatings modified with flame retardants: bis(phenylphosphate) resorcinol (RDP), trischloropropyl phosphate (TCPP), and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) were tested. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG) were used to investigate the structure and thermal stability. The effectiveness of resorcinol bis(phenylphosphate) (RDP), tris chloropropyl phosphate (TCPP), and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) on heat release rate (HRR), smoke release rate (RSR), and oxygen consumption was evaluated using cone calorimetry. The cone calorimetry results were correlated with the mechanical properties of the coatings. The cone calorimetry analysis showed suitable organophosphorus flame retardant (FR) performance, significantly decreasing HRR and oxygen consumption. Additionally, 15% TCPP caused a reduction of HRR by over 50%, obtaining 211.4 kW/m2 and pHRR by over 55%, reaching 538.3 kW/m2. However, organophosphorus flame retardants caused a significant deterioration of mechanical properties simultaneously. Introducing a mixture of two FRs (RDP/TCPP) resulted in obtaining a coating with improved fire resistance and maintained good mechanical strength. The polyurea–polyurethane coating, modified with a mixture of two RDP/TCPP retardants (10:5), was simulated for the burning of roof systems. The result of the simulation was assessed positively. Thus, finally, it was confirmed that the proposed polyurea–polyurethane coating achieved the assumed flame retardant level.

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Fire retardancy of polyurea and silylated α-zirconium phosphate composites with ammonium polyphosphate

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Flame Retardant Additives Used for Polyurea-Based Elastomers—A Review

Flame Retardant Additives Used for Polyurea-Based Elastomers—A Review

Thermal degradation and flammability behavior of fire-retarded wood flour/polypropylene composites

Coating Composites Based on Polyurea Elastomers with Increased Fire Resistance and Their Use as Roofing Systems

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