Fire safety of soft furnishings—an overview

Sumi, Kikuo; D'Souza, M. V.

doi:10.1002/fam.810060106

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…The first DTA peak is due to the cyclization of polymer chains and the second the decomposition of the polymer. [24,47] TGA curves showed two stages of mass loss in the temperature range of 250 C-350 C and 400 C-500 C; the temperatures of maximum mass loss shown by DTG peaks are given in Table 2. For alkali-and silicate-aged samples, the DTA peaks (first small exotherm at 230 C and second main peak at 309 C) are at similar temperatures to those of unaged fibers.…”

Section: Cellulosic Fibersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of alkali and ultraviolet aging on physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of fibers for potential use as reinforcing elements in glass/silicate composites

Akonda

Kandola

Horrocks

2011

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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This work reports the effect of an alkaline environment and ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the physical, thermal, and tensile properties of different fibers selected as potential reinforcing elements to enhance the impact properties of brittle glass/silicate composites. The fibers, which included regenerated cellulosic (viscose and rayon), synthetic (ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, acrylic), glass, ceramic, and steel, were aged in different alkaline solutions with pH ranging from 11.1 to 13.6 at 70°C for different periods of time and exposed to UV radiation for 330 h. The physical and thermal properties of aged fibers were studied using tensile testing, scanning electron microscopy, and simultaneous differential and thermogravimetric analysis. Results showed that the regenerated cellulosic fibers, acrylic, E‐glass, and A‐glass fibers could not withstand the highly alkaline environment. Overall, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, UV‐stable polypropylene, polyamide 6.6, AR‐glass, ceramic (alumino borosilicate), and steel fibers performed very well under all conditions, indicating that they have the potential to be used as reinforcing elements in glass/silicate composites. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Cellulosic Fibersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of alkali and ultraviolet aging on physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of fibers for potential use as reinforcing elements in glass/silicate composites

Akonda

Kandola

Horrocks

2011

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Generation of hydrogen cyanide from flexible polyurethane foam decomposed under different combustion conditions

et al. 1985

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Experimental thermal conditions conducive to the production of high levels of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from flexible polyurethane foam were determined. In these experiments the material was exposed to relatively low-temperature nonflaming oxidative conditions for a short time period, during which a char was formed. Further heating of the char to temperatures above 500 "C generated the increased HCN levels. Upon exposure to this same two-step decomposition process, a fire-retarded flexible polyurethane foam produced twice as much char and twice as much HCN. Elemental analyses indicated that the HCN concentration was directly related to the amount of char formed and its nitrogen content. Room burns of slabs of flexible polyurethane foam and chairs containing flexible polyurethane foam indicated that this same phenomenon occurs in large-scale experiments. In these NBS tests, increased concentrations of HCN were produced when the material underwent flaming combustion following a period of smoldering, presumably from heating the char that was formed during smoldering. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the increased HCN concentrations was attempted using ion chromatography, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), pyrolysis/mass spectrometry and I3C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. While the molecular structures of the nitrogen-containing compounds in the char were not elucidated, these analyses provided evidence of multiple compounds containing amine, amide, imine and nitrile functional groups as the most likely sources of the observed HCN.

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Test methods for the flammability of plastics

1991

Studies in Polymer Science

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Fire safety of soft furnishings—an overview

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Effect of alkali and ultraviolet aging on physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of fibers for potential use as reinforcing elements in glass/silicate composites

Effect of alkali and ultraviolet aging on physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of fibers for potential use as reinforcing elements in glass/silicate composites

Generation of hydrogen cyanide from flexible polyurethane foam decomposed under different combustion conditions

Test methods for the flammability of plastics

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