“…Due to information asymmetry, the existence of the principal-agent problem, that is, the interests of shareholders and managers are not completely consistent, induces managers to pursue personal interests. Thereby the executives’ negative news hoarding will cause the stock price to fall ( Jin and Myers, 2006 ; Kim et al, 2011 ; Piotroski et al, 2015 ; Fu et al, 2021 ). Similarly, due to information asymmetry, when exaggerated positive information disclosure exceeds the company's threshold for its value, the company's stock price will be higher than the company's value ( Zhao et al, 2020 ; Solomon, 2012 ).…”