First case report of feline sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis in the state of Ceará – Brazil

Aguiar, Belisa Araújo; Borges, Igo Marinho Serafim; Silva, Barbara Wilka Leal; Rodrigues, F. R. N.; Gonçalves, Lucas Diniz; Casseb, Alexandre do Rosário; Brito, Jacqueline da Silva; Pinheiro, A.Q.; Rocha, Marcos Fábio Gadelha; Viana, Daniel de Araújo

doi:10.1016/j.mmcr.2023.02.005

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The most parsimonious scenario to explain the dispersion dynamics for the observed genetic patterns suggests unidirectional migration from the Southeast to the Northeast of Brazil. This hypothesis is supported by (i) the temporal evolution of the outbreaks since there are rare reports of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis in the northeast region until the mid-2015s [ 12 , 25 ]; (ii) skewed distribution of MAT idiomorphs with an overwhelming prevalence of MAT1-2 isolates in Pernambuco [ 35 ]; (iii) the high gene flow between isolates from the Rio de Janeiro clade and specimens from Pernambuco, and (iv) low differentiation values (ΦPT). The founder effect probably played a vital role in this dynamic, as the introduction was recent, and the diversity of isolates in the Northeast was low compared to the parental population in Rio de Janeiro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sporothrix brasiliensis is the prevalent etiologic agent during epizooties reported mainly in Brazil’s South and Southeast regions. With the absence of adequate public policies to control the spread of the outbreaks, cases have begun to emerge in Northeast Brazil [ 10 , 11 , 12 ] and, more recently, in Argentina, Chile, Paraguay [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], and in the UK [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Throughput Microsatellite Markers Development for Genetic Characterization of Emerging Sporothrix Species

Losada

Monteiro

Carvalho

et al. 2023

JoF

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Sporotrichosis is the main subcutaneous mycosis worldwide transmitted by animal or plant vectors and often escalates to outbreaks or epidemics. The current cat-transmitted sporotrichosis driven by Sporothrix brasiliensis has become a significant public health issue in South America. Transmission dynamics remain enigmatic due to the lack of development of polymorphic markers for molecular epidemiological analysis. This study used a high-throughput mining strategy to characterize simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from Sporothrix genomes. A total of 118,140–143,912 SSR loci were identified (82,841–98,369 unique markers), with a 3651.55–3804.65 SSR/Mb density and a majority of dinucleotides motifs (GC/CG). We developed a panel of 15 highly polymorphic SSR markers suitable for genotyping S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii, and S. globosa. PCR amplification revealed 240 alleles in 180 Sporothrix isolates with excellent polymorphic information content (PIC = 0.9101), expected heterozygosity (H = 0.9159), and discriminating power (D = 0.7127), supporting the effectiveness of SSR markers in uncovering cryptic genetic diversity. A systematic population genetic study estimated three clusters, corresponding to S. brasiliensis (population 1, n = 97), S. schenckii (population 2, n = 49), and S. globosa (population 3, n = 34), with a weak signature of mixed ancestry between populations 1 and 2 or 3 and 2. Partitioning of genetic variation via AMOVA revealed highly structured populations (ΦPT = 0.539; Nm = 0.213; p < 0.0001), with approximately equivalent genetic variability within (46%) and between (54%) populations. Analysis of SSR diversity supports Rio de Janeiro (RJ) as the center of origin for contemporary S. brasiliensis infections. The recent emergence of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis in northeastern Brazil indicates an RJ-Northeast migration resulting in founder effects during the introduction of diseased animals into sporotrichosis-free areas. Our results demonstrated high cross-species transferability, reproducibility, and informativeness of SSR genetic markers, helping dissect deep and fine-scale genetic structures and guiding decision making to mitigate the harmful effects of the expansion of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput Microsatellite Markers Development for Genetic Characterization of Emerging Sporothrix Species

Losada

Monteiro

Carvalho

et al. 2023

JoF

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Sporothrix and Sporotrichosis: A South African Perspective on a Growing Global Health Threat

Fuchs,

Visagie,

Wingfield

et al. 2024

Mycoses

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Sporotrichosis is a disease that arises from a fungal infection caused by members of the Ascomycete genus Sporothrix. The disease has a unique history in South Africa, due to an association with gold mines, where large numbers of mine workers were infected in the 1930s and 1940s. This was likely driven by hot humid conditions and timber supports used in these mine shafts. Furthermore, the disease is the most common subcutaneous fungal infection amongst the general population in South Africa, and the large number of immunocompromised individuals increases the public health risk in the country. Sporothrix is a genus in the Ophiostomatales, a fungal order primarily associated with environmental habitats. Unsurprisingly, sporotrichosis therefore has a documented history of sapronotic transmission from contaminated plant material. This review provides insights into the understanding of sporotrichosis and Sporothrix species, with a particular emphasis on the South African situation. We highlight knowledge gaps, particularly regarding the ecological factors influencing the occurrence and distribution of these species, which in turn affect the patterns of sporotrichosis. We also emphasise a need for ongoing proactive research and surveillance to prevent future outbreaks of sporotrichosis, an emerging disease with growing health implications worldwide.

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The rising incidence of feline and cat‐transmitted sporotrichosis in Latin America

Santos,

Nascimento,

Barbosa

et al. 2024

Zoonoses and Public Health

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IntroductionSporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by different species of thermodimorphic fungi belonging to the genus Sporothrix. These fungi may affect a wide range of warm‐blooded animals, including humans, dogs and, mainly, cats.MethodsIn this article, we conducted a narrative literature review about the status of feline and cat‐transmitted sporotrichosis in Latin American countries, with emphasis on Brazil.ResultsFrom a global perspective, Latin America is one of the main foci of human and feline sporotrichosis. In humans, the disease has been reported in several countries, with endemic transmission occurring in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico and Uruguay. Sporothrix brasiliensis is the most common species identified in human cases in Brazil, whereas Sporothrix schenckii predominates in other countries.ConclusionDomestic cats are the main source of infection in the zoonotic transmission cycle of sporotrichosis in Latin America. Cases of feline sporotrichosis have been reported in several countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay and Peru.

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First case report of feline sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis in the state of Ceará – Brazil

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

High-Throughput Microsatellite Markers Development for Genetic Characterization of Emerging Sporothrix Species

High-Throughput Microsatellite Markers Development for Genetic Characterization of Emerging Sporothrix Species

Sporothrix and Sporotrichosis: A South African Perspective on a Growing Global Health Threat

The rising incidence of feline and cat‐transmitted sporotrichosis in Latin America

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