O linfoma canino raramente envolve a cavidade nasal. O diagnóstico pode ser estabelecido por meio da citologia, histopatologia e imunoistoquímica, onde a ultima é uma técnica valiosa para a identificação e classificação de células tumorais. O trabalho objetivou descrever um caso de linfoma intranasal em um canino, com o auxílio do imunodiagnóstico. Um canino, macho, sete anos de idade, sem raça definida, possuía aumento de volume em toda região nasal dorsal e lateral, em associação com uveíte anterior. Como exame complementar solicitou-se citologia de linfonodos e da tumoração nasal. A avaliação citológica dos gânglios linfáticos evidenciou a presença de formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp., enquanto a citologia da tumoração nasal exibiu padrão morfológico indicativo de linfoma. Optou-se pela eutanásia do animal e o mesmo foi encaminhado para necropsia. Os achados necroscópicos incluíram a presença de tumor em toda a extensão das cavidades nasais, ocasionando completa obliteração luminal e perda total dos ossos endoturbinados e conchas nasais. Foram coletados fragmentos do tumor nasal, fígado e globo ocular, os quais foram encaminhados para análise histopatológica, a qual revelou proliferação neoplásica, composta por células redondas, sendo sugerida a realização de análise imunoistoquímica para confirmação diagnóstica. O perfil imunoistoquímico aplicado detectou um linfoma de células Natural Killer. O linfoma intranasal em cães muitas vezes é negligenciado no diagnóstico diferencial das enfermidades do trato respiratório superior. Torna-se fundamental a realização do ensaio imunoistoquímico, pois equivale a uma valiosa ferramenta diagnóstica para os pacientes com linfoma.
Background: Candida spp. are pleomorphic fungi that are commensal inhabitants of the oral, gastrointestinal, upper respiratory and urogenital mucosa of mammals. Candida albicans is described as the most important species. This opportunistic pathogen may produce local or systemic infections in dogs. Local infections have been reported in several tissues and systemic infection is rare in dogs with few reports in the literature describing this presentation. The aim of the present study was to report two cases of cerebral Candida albicans infection in dogs in Brazil.Case: Two cases of cerebral Candida albicans infection in dogs that showed nervous signs are described. In both cases, the brain showed marked asymmetry of the telencephalic hemispheres with multifocal to coalescing yellowish or reddish areas and a partial loss of distinction between gray and white matter. In Case 1, the mediastinal, tracheobronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes, as well as the right kidney and adrenal gland, showed altered architecture due to numerous whitish gray nodules. Histological lesions were characterized by granulomatous (case 1) or pyogranulomatous (case 2) necrotizing meningoencephalitis with intralesional fungal organisms. In case 1, similar granulomatous infiltrate with intralesional fungal organisms was also seen in the lymph nodes, kidney and adrenal gland. In case 2, there was evidence consistent with an underlying infection of canine distemper virus. Were observed lymphoplasmocytic interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid rarefaction in lymph nodes, and viral intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the epithelial cells of the stomach and vesical urothelium. In these two cases, the fungal organisms displayed three different morphological patterns. The first pattern was characterized by delicate tubular structures with thin parallel walls that were rarely septate and tended to undulate slightly, and measured approximately 4-20 µm (true hyphae). The second pattern was characterized by chains of elongated yeast, separated by constrictions at septal sites, and measured approximately 4-10 µm (pseudohyphae). The other morphological pattern, which was rarely observed, was characterized by round budding yeast cells that measured 3-4 µm in diameter and were often elongated by the germ tube. Sections were also stained using immunohistochemical antibodies against Candida albicans. The fungi revealed strong immunolabelling of the cytoplasm and wall for Candida albicans.Discussion: The diagnosis was based on the histomorphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the agent, which were consistent with Candida albicans. In these two cases, immunocompromise appeared to have been an important factor in the progression of the infection. In case 1, the dog was senile and treated with corticosteroids, conditions that could effectively limit innate, humoral and cell-mediated immune response to infection. In case 2, the dog displayed cachexia and was infected by canine distemper virus, evidenced by the presence of viral inclusion bodies. The inflammatory reactions in both cases were characteristic of fungal infections, but were distinct due to differences in the infectious process. In case 1, there was a subacute to chronic progression; while in case 2 neutrophilic infiltrate predominated, suggesting an acute progression. The different morphological patterns of the fungi suggested a pleomorphic fungi and the immunohistochemistry allowed us to identify the infectious agent. In conclusion, opportunistic infections caused by Candida albicans should be considered when diagnosing diseases that affect the central nervous system of dogs, particularly in immunosuppressed animals.
A expansão da população urbana nas pequenas cidades é um fenômeno comum e que demanda atenção. Atualmente, as cidades passam por um inchaço urbano decorrente principalmente do processo de globalização. Esse processo pode ser chamado de crescimento demográfico urbano. Com base nisso, nosso objetivo foi discutir e analisar os problemas socioambientais causados pelo crescimento desordenados da cidade de Fagundes-PB. Para tanto, utilizamos uma metodologia qualitativa, no qual foram analisados e discutidos dados por meio de referências bibliográficas. Como resultado obtido, observamos os problemas ambientais gerados pelo crescimento populacional desordenado, resultando em alguns problemas socioambientais, tais como: aumento do consumo de recursos naturais, povoamento irregular (em áreas de risco), falta de emprego entre outros fatores que podem prejudicar o crescimento ordenado de uma cidade. Para que a cidade de Fagundes cresça de forma a não causar prejuízos ambientais é necessário que haja investimento na área de infraestrutura, geração de emprego e preservação ambiental, tendo em vista que o crescimento econômico é dependente dos recursos naturais.
In the municipality of Alagoa Nova, a swamp in Paraíba, vegetable and fruit crops predominate where, despite the existence of information on agroecological practices, a large part of the properties use traditional management with an exaggerated use of pesticides. In this sense, the present work aimed to investigate, discuss and analyze agricultural sustainability through social, environmental and economic indicators of Granja Betel, in the production of the following agricultural crops: corn, beans, cassava and sweet potatoes in the municipality of Alagoa Nova - PB. For this, the MESMIS method was used. The evaluation of the method's structure occurs in a spiral way, so that there can be a process of continuous evaluations, in this evaluation system the indicators play a main role, leading to obtaining data for later measurement of sustainability, it also indicates necessary changes and paths to be taken. followed to contribute to the sustainable framework in agro-ecosystems. 78.94% of the indicators are in ideal situations. The result shows that most of the indicators on the property are in ideal situations, thus showing a management close to adequate sustainability.
This paper aims to discuss the importance of fieldwork as a methodological resource in the context of the teaching and learning process and in Geography classes. In order to put into practice the knowledge acquired in the classroom, fieldwork with 7th grade students (B), from the Judith Barbosa de Paula Rego Elementary School, located in the city of Queimadas-PB, was used as methodology. The results demonstrate that the theoretical classes accompanied by practical classes in the field provide a greater performance in learning. There was an increase in grades, where it was possible to observe that from the fieldwork students had a greater interest in studying the geographic sciences, leaving the abstract to the experienced they had the opportunity to associate what they already knew from their daily information with the contents of Geography seen in the classroom. The development of works with the field class allows the articulation between theory and practice, as well as a way to aggregate the students' knowledge with the knowledge of the textbook, which is extremely important in the teaching-learning process.
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