First comparative reaction mechanisms of β-estradiol and selected environmental hormones in a redox environment

Electrochemical Monitoring of the Interaction between 4-Nonylphenol and DNA by Graphite and Carbon Nanotube Modified Graphite Electrodes

“…While other groups [34][35][36] presented the electrochemical sensor for NP detection by using different transducers; MWCNT-GCE, Pt-RDE, and CFE in the lowest NP concentration range varying between 10 μM and 6 mM, we developed more sensitive graphite sensors in the concentration range of 0.45 -22.5 μM NP by using both disposable PGE and SWCNT-PGE in combination with DPV technique. These unmodified PGEs and modified PGEs with SWCNT can provide more rapid and more sensitive detection scheme not only for detection of NP, but also for the interaction of NP with nucleic acids.…”

“…The electrochemical detection was performed using less amounts of NP in comparison to the earlier reports. [34][35][36] Nanomaterial based electrochemical sensors could offer a great promise for sensitive screening of compounds in solution and at surface interactions, especially to the study of DNA interactions in general. These studies have also a key importance for further development of nanomaterial based electrochemical sensors, which may possibly be used in order to monitor the toxic effects of targeted compounds in real samples for enviromental monitoring.…”

“…33 The electrochemical detection of NP was investigated with cyclic voltammetry (CV) by using different sensor technologies. [34][35][36] Vega et al 34 reported that NP could be detected by employing the multi-walled CNT (MWCNT) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) measuring the oxidation signal of NP at +0.606 V vs. Ag/AgCl at the concentration level of 1.0 × 10 -4 M. In another study, 35 the detection of 6.0 × 10 -3 M NP was performed by platinum rotating disk electrode (Pt-RDE) with its oxidation signal observed at +1.05 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Agui et al 36 presented a study for NP detection by using carbon fiber electrode (CFE) in the NP concentration level of 1.0 × 10 -5 M; its oxidation signal was measured at +0.513 V vs. Ag/AgCl.…”

Voltammetric Behavior and Determination of 17b-Estradiol at Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube-Nafion Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

“…Sadic et al proposed that the oxidation of E2 consisted of two electron transfer steps followed by a chemical reaction (EC-EC reaction mechanism) and finally E2 became a non-electroactive quinone product. 13 Accordingly, the disappearance of the corresponding reduction peak suggests that the electrode reaction of E2 is an irreversible process due to the accumulation of the non-electroactive products.…”

“…1,2 However, estradiols in environmental sources are present at very low concentrations, and are difficult to detect. In order to determine estradiols, various technologies such as GC-MS, [3][4][5] HPLC-MS, [6][7][8] immunoassay, 9,10 and electroanalysis [11][12][13] have been used.…”