First Demonstration of a Low Loss 37-cell Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fiber and its Use for Data Transmission

Baddela, N. K.; Petrovich, M. N.; Jung, Yongmin; Hayes, J. R.; Wheeler, Natalie V.; Gray, D. R.; Wong, Niki S.C.; Parmigiani, Francesca; Numkam, E.; Wooler, J. P.; Poletti, Francesco; Richardson, David J.

doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2013.ctu2k.3

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Enlarging the core of the fiber by removing a further ring of holes (18 unit cells) appeared to be the next necessary step to reduce the loss in these fibers beyond the reported figures. Reported fibers with 37c core sizes did not however achieve the expected lower losses [60]. Beyond the practical difficulty of controlling the fiber structure with such large cores, we believe that the role of other loss mechanisms, particularly of extrinsic origin such as microbending which become significant for larger core sizes, or the longitudinal variations of the structure (particularly its core), were not considered and had not yet been properly understood.…”

Section: Current Status Of Photonic Bandgap Fibersmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It soon emerged, however, that surface scattering from the air-glass interfaces rather than the Rayleigh scattering as in conventional fibers, was the dominant loss (e) Single mode 3c bandgap fiber from Petrovitch et al [58]. (f) highly birefringent 4c fiber from Chen et al [59] (g) Surface-mode free 19c fiber from Poletti et al [18] (h) First 37c fiber used for mode-division multiplexed data transmission [60][61][62]. (i) Polarization maintaining fiber [63] (j) 19c fiber with improved single-modedness [19] (k) Low-loss 19c fiber for mid-IR operation [64] (l) Commercially available 7c fiber from NKT photonics used by many research groups [65,66] mechanism and imposed fundamental limits on the achievable losses in these fibers [49,56,71,72].…”

Section: Current Status Of Photonic Bandgap Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Loss in hollow-core optical fibers: mechanisms, scaling rules, and limits

Fokoua¹,

Mousavi²,

Jasion³

et al. 2023

Adv. Opt. Photon.

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Over the past few years, progress in hollow-core optical fiber technology has reduced the attenuation of these fibers to levels comparable to those of all-solid silica-core single-mode fibers. The sustained pace of progress in the field has sparked renewed interest in the technology and created the expectation that it will one day enable realization of the most transparent light-propagating waveguides ever produced, across all spectral regions of interest. In this work we review and analyze the various physical mechanisms that drive attenuation in hollow-core optical fibers. We consider both the somewhat legacy hollow-core photonic bandgap technology as well as the more recent antiresonant hollow-core fibers. As both fiber types exploit different guidance mechanisms from that of conventional solid-core fibers to confine light to the central core, their attenuation is also dominated by a different set of physical processes, which we analyze here in detail. First, we discuss intrinsic loss mechanisms in perfect and idealized fibers. These include leakage loss, absorption, and scattering within the gas filling the core or from the glass microstructure surrounding it, and roughness scattering from the air–glass interfaces within the fibers. The latter contribution is analyzed rigorously, clarifying inaccuracies in the literature that often led to the use of inadequate scaling rules. We then explore the extrinsic contributions to loss and discuss the effect of random microbends as well as that of other perturbations and non-uniformities that may result from imperfections in the fabrication process. These effects impact the loss of the fiber predominantly by scattering light from the fundamental mode into lossier higher-order modes and cladding modes. Although these contributions have often been neglected, their role becomes increasingly important in the context of producing, one day, hollow-core fibers with sub-0.1-dB/km loss and a pure single-mode guidance. Finally, we present general scaling rules for all the loss mechanisms mentioned previously and combine them to examine the performance of recently reported fibers. We lay some general guidelines for the design of low-loss hollow-core fibers operating at different spectral regions and conclude the paper with a brief outlook on the future of this potentially transformative technology.

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Section: Current Status Of Photonic Bandgap Fibersmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Current Status Of Photonic Bandgap Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss in hollow-core optical fibers: mechanisms, scaling rules, and limits

Fokoua¹,

Mousavi²,

Jasion³

et al. 2023

Adv. Opt. Photon.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2b and at 0.2 nm resolution) and the minimum loss was found to be 50 dB/km. From extensive modelling of the fiber, further loss reduction and the ability to push the transmission window further into the mid-IR is expected through increasing the core diameter, e.g., by using a 37 cell HC-PBGF design [9].…”

Section: Fibre Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Loss, Tightly Coilable, Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers for Mid-IR Applications

Wheeler

Petrovich

Heidt

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series

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“…This result was achieved by combining a 19-cell core design, offering low scattering loss [5], with a thin wall surround [6], enabling surface mode-free operation over a 160 nm wide window at the center of the optical bandgap. Through a similar fiber design principle, a wide bandwidth low loss 37 cell HC-PBGF was also recently demonstrated [7]. The ability to obtain a wide, low-loss transmission region is a key step to enable dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) in these fibers, where a well-tempered dispersion profile [8] is also of crucial importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of amplified data transmission at 2 µm in a low-loss wide bandwidth hollow core photonic bandgap fiber

Petrovich¹,

Poletti²,

Wooler³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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119

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Abstract:The first demonstration of a hollow core photonic bandgap fiber (HC-PBGF) suitable for high-rate data transmission in the 2 µm waveband is presented. The fiber has a record low loss for this wavelength region (4.5 dB/km at 1980 nm) and a >150 nm wide surface-mode-free transmission window at the center of the bandgap. Detailed analysis of the optical modes and their propagation along the fiber, carried out using a time-of-flight technique in conjunction with spatially and spectrally resolved (S 2 ) imaging, provides clear evidence that the HC-PBGF can be operated as quasi-single mode even though it supports up to four mode groups. Through the use of a custom built Thulium doped fiber amplifier with gain bandwidth closely matched to the fiber's low loss window, error-free 8 Gbit/s transmission in an optically amplified data channel at 2008 nm over 290 m of 19 cell HC-PBGF is reported.

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First Demonstration of a Low Loss 37-cell Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fiber and its Use for Data Transmission

Abstract: A low loss (4.5dB/km) 37-cell core HC-PBGF is reported for the first time. Detailed modal analysis using time of flight and S 2 techniques, and error-free 40Gbit/s single mode data transmission are presented.

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Loss in hollow-core optical fibers: mechanisms, scaling rules, and limits

Loss in hollow-core optical fibers: mechanisms, scaling rules, and limits

Low Loss, Tightly Coilable, Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers for Mid-IR Applications

Demonstration of amplified data transmission at 2 µm in a low-loss wide bandwidth hollow core photonic bandgap fiber

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