First detection of an OXA-48-producing Enterobacter cloacae isolate from currency coins in Algeria

Bendjama, Esma; Loucif, Lotfi; Chelaghma, Widad; Attal, Chahrazed; Bellakh, Fatma Zohra; Benaldjia, Randa; Kahlat, Imène; Meddour, Amna; Rolain, Jean‐Marc

doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2020.09.003

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In this work, two highly multiresistant Gram-negative strains identified as Klebsiella oxytoca (DM1C2) and Serratia rubideae (DM2C3) were found to be ERT resistant. These findings are corroborated by Bendjama et al (2020) , who report the isolation of a carbapenem-resistant strain of Enterobacter cloacae from Algerian currency. It has to be noted that the reported strain carried the carbapenemase bla OXA-48 gene, which is known to be endemic in Mediterranean countries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins is often due to the production of extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBL), which are generally plasmid-mediated and can rapidly spread among bacteria. Accordingly, a recent study conducted in Algeria describes the presence of ESBL producing Gram-negative bacteria isolated from currency and reports that the implied determinants were members of the bla CTX-M genes family known to be carried by highly transferrable plasmids ( Bendjama et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multidrug-resistant Opportunistic and Pathogenic Bacteria Contaminate Algerian Banknotes Currency

Djouadi

Guezlane-Tebibel

Mansouri

et al. 2020

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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Currency is one of the most exchanged items in human communities as it is used daily in exchange for goods and services. It is handled by persons with different hygiene standards and can transit in different environments. Hence, money can constitute a reservoir for different types of human pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Algerian banknotes to shelter opportunistic pathogenic and multiresistant bacteria. To that end, 200 circulating notes of four different denominations were collected from various places and analyzed for their bacterial loads and contents. Besides, predominant strains were identified and characterized by biochemical and molecular methods, and their resistance profiles against 34 antibiotics were determined. Our results indicated that 100% of the studied banknotes were contaminated with bacteria. The total bacterial concentrations were relatively high, and different bacterial groups were grown, showing important diversity. In total, 48 predominant strains were identified as belonging to 17 genera. Staphylococcus and Micrococcus were the most prevalent genera, followed by Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that all the isolates harbored resistance to at least two molecules, and worrying resistance levels were observed. These findings prove that Algerian currency harbors opportunistic multiresistant bacteria and could potentially act as a vehicle for the spread of bacterial diseases and as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes among the community. Therefore, no cash payment systems should be developed and generalized to minimize cash handling and subsequent potential health risks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-resistant Opportunistic and Pathogenic Bacteria Contaminate Algerian Banknotes Currency

Djouadi

Guezlane-Tebibel

Mansouri

et al. 2020

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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“…An example is the presence of various Gram-negative bacteria producing CTX-M-type ESBLs and OXA-48 carbapenemase on the surface of Alge-rian currency. Especially simultaneous manipulation of money and food contributes to the spread of infectious agents and thus of bacterial resistance to antibiotics [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Silico Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Bacteria

et al. 2021

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The growing bacterial resistance to available β-lactam antibiotics is a very serious public health problem, especially due to the production of a wide range of β-lactamases. At present, clinically important bacteria are increasingly acquiring new elements of resistance to carbapenems and polymyxins, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), carbapenemases and phosphoethanolamine transferases of the MCR type. These bacterial enzymes limit therapeutic options in human and veterinary medicine. It must be emphasized that there is a real risk of losing the ability to treat serious and life-threatening infections. The present study aimed to design specific oligonucleotides for rapid PCR detection of ESBL-encoding genes and in silico analysis of selected ESBL enzymes. A total of 58 primers were designed to detect 49 types of different ESBL genes. After comparing the amino acid sequences of ESBLs (CTX-M, SHV and TEM), phylogenetic trees were created based on the presence of conserved amino acids and homologous motifs. This study indicates that the proposed primers should be able to specifically detect more than 99.8% of all described ESBL enzymes. The results suggest that the in silico tested primers could be used for PCR to detect the presence of ESBL genes in various bacteria, as well as to monitor their spread.

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“…The isolation of extended-spectrum-cephalosporins, carbapenems and colistin-resistant- E. coli started with a selective enrichment step in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth with 64 μg/mL vancomycin and supplemented with one of the four different selective antibiotics as follows: (1): 2 μg/mL cefotaxime, (2): 2 μg/mL ertapenem, (3): 9 μg/mL imipenem or (4): 3 μg/mL colistin, respectively. After overnight incubation at 37 °C, ten microliters were taken from the enrichment tubes and were inoculated into selective MacConkey agar plates with the same selective antibiotic combinations [ 20 , 21 ]. The bacterial identification of the obtained isolates was performed by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), as previously described [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transferability of carbapenemase genes was determined through a conjugation experiment (broth mating method) using an azide-resistant E. coli J53 recipient strain and two donor strains. The transconjugants were selected on nutrient agar containing ertapenem (2 µg/mL) and sodium azide (200 µg/mL) [ 20 ]. The obtained transconjugants were verified by antimicrobial drug susceptibility testing and the modified carba NP test and were confirmed to have the bla OXA−48 gene by PCR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of blaOXA-48 and mcr-1 Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Pigeon (Columba livia) in Algeria

et al. 2022

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The emergence and spread of β-lactams and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in birds deserve a special concern worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the presence of β-lactams and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from the faeces of urban and rural pigeons in Batna, Algeria, and to characterise their molecular traits of resistance. Between March and April 2019, a total of 276 faecal droppings samples were collected in Batna, Algeria. Samples were subjected to selective isolation of β-lactams and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli. The representative colonies were then identified using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method. β-lactamases, as well as mcr genes, were screened for by PCR and confirmed by sequencing. Genetic relatedness of the mcr-positive E. coli strains was determined using multi-locus sequence typing analysis. Transferability features of carbapenemase genes were assessed by conjugation experiments. Overall, thirty-five E. coli isolates were obtained only from urban pigeon samples. All carbapenem-resistant isolates harboured the blaOXA-48 gene as the only carbapenemase gene detected (n = 11), while blaESBL genes were detected in eighteen isolates. Out of the thirty-five isolates, four E. coli isolates were positive for the mcr-1 gene. The obtained mcr-1 positive E. coli isolates belonged to four STs, including ST1485, ST224, ST46, and a new ST. This study is the first to report the isolation of E. coli strains carrying the mcr-1 gene from pigeon faeces in Algeria and also the first to report the detection of blaOXA-48-positive E. coli in pigeons. Close surveillance is, therefore, urgently needed to monitor the dissemination of blaOXA-48 and mcr-1 producing E. coli strains in wildlife.

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First detection of an OXA-48-producing Enterobacter cloacae isolate from currency coins in Algeria

Abstract: Highlights First report of bla OXA-48 gene in enterobacterial strain isolated from coins. Coins as a reservoir of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. First detection of CTX-M-27-producing Raoultella ornithinolytica from money. First detection of CTX-M-14-producing E. coli from money.

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Multidrug-resistant Opportunistic and Pathogenic Bacteria Contaminate Algerian Banknotes Currency

Multidrug-resistant Opportunistic and Pathogenic Bacteria Contaminate Algerian Banknotes Currency

In Silico Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Bacteria

Detection of blaOXA-48 and mcr-1 Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Pigeon (Columba livia) in Algeria

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