First Evidence of Fowl Adenovirus Induced Inclusion Body Hepatitis in Chicken in Bangladesh

Abstract

Background. The livestock sector contributes 1.90% to the GDP in Bangladesh during 2021–22. Poultry is one of the important subsectors struggling with diseases. Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) cause numerous diseases resulting in economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Several FAdV serotypes cause inclusion body hepatitis in chicken. Although FAdV infection was suspected, there was no confirmatory report from Bangladesh. The study was conducted to investigate the FAdV infection and antibodies in chicken. Methods. A total of 50 samples, each composed of liver and spleen, were collected from different chickens of Gazipur, Dinajpur, and Panchagarh district. Each location belongs to A, B, and C poultry zones of Bangladesh, respectively. Viruses were detected by real-time PCR and conventional PCR. Blood samples (n = 303) were collected at the beginning and after the recovery from infection and tested by indirect ELISA. Sequencing of PCR products was done for serotyping and phylogenetic analysis. Results. Clinical signs were observed including anorexia, drowsiness, ruffled feathers, reduced body weight, lack of uniformity, and high mortality (15–25%). Enlarged friable liver with yellow to tan color mottled with the focal soft area, fluid in pericardial sac, swollen and hemorrhagic kidneys, enlarged congested spleen and pancreas, etc. were found on postmortem examination. FAdVs were detected in 90% of the flocks except commercial layer flock from Dinajpur. Three serotypes, namely, 8b (70%), 11 (10%), and 5 (10%) were detected. Anti-FAdV antibody was detected in 80% flocks at the beginning of infection and in 90% of the flocks after recovery from infection. The antibody titer increases significantly ( p < 0.05 ) after recovery from infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Bangladeshi FAdVs have close identity with viruses from Asia, Europe, and South and North America. Conclusions. These findings suggested that several introductions of FAdVs were taken place in Bangladesh. To combat the disease, vaccination along with maintenance of biosecurity is essential.

Molecular Characterisation of Partial Structural Genes of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 8b UPMT1901 Field Strain Isolate Associated with the Inclusion Body Hepatitis in Malaysia’s Commercial Broiler Chickens

“…However, interestingly, different diseases and clinical symptoms were reported with different FAdV serotypes, further indicating the serotypes' virulence capacity variability. The highly lethal HHS symptoms were commonly manifest among FAdV subgroup C-infected outbreaks (Zhang et al, 2018), while IBH was routinely seen in FAdV subgroups B, D, and E (Islam et al, 2023). In contrast, FAdV species A was generally reported as non-pathogenic (Gupta et al, 2018).…”

Efficacy, immunogenicity, and virus shedding in broiler chickens inoculated with live attenuated fowl adenovirus serotype 8b propagated a bioreactor

“…Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) 8b is a group E Aviadenovirus in the family Adenoviridae ( Islam et al 2023 ). It causes inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) mainly in broilers that are 3–7 weeks old and causes mortality ranging from 2% to 30%; and is characterized by sudden death without clinical signs, enlarged, friable, and discolored liver with petechial hemorrhages; and hemorrhages in other organs ( Norina et al ., 2016 ; Revajova et al ., 2017 ; Abd El-Ghany, 2023).…”

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