First evidence of transmission of Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni in a Sub Andean region of Bolivia

“…After its original identification in samples from infected humans in the state of Pará in the Brazilian Amazon region [187], L. (V.) lainsoni was detected in CL patients from other parts of Brazil [188], the sub Andean regions of Peru [189] and Bolivia [190,191], French Guiana [35], and the Ecuadorian Amazon [192] besides Suriname [159].…”

Section: Still L (V) Lainsoni Is Probably Widely Distributed In Southmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological, Biological and Clinical Aspects of Leishmaniasis with Special Emphasis on Busi Yasi in Suriname

Mans¹,

Kent²,

Hu³

et al. 2017

J Clin Exp Dermatol Res

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The parasitic disease leishmaniasis is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania which are transmitted by sand fly vectors of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World and Lutzomyia in the New World. Transmission can either be anthroponotic (human to human) or zoonotic through mammalian reservoirs such as dogs and rodents. Leishmaniasis has three principal clinical manifestations, namely cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The cutaneous form characteristically causes skin ulcers, the mucocutaneous form manifests as lesions of skin, mouth, and nose, and the (potentially lethal) visceral form affects the internal organs such as spleen and liver and also invades the bone marrow. Leishmaniasis is endemic in about ninety-eight countries and the diverse types of the disease occur in different regions of the world. CL is most common in Afghanistan, Algeria, Pakistan, Iran, Brazil, and Colombia; MCL is mainly restricted to countries of the Amazon Basin; and VL is most frequently seen in the Indian sub-continent, the Horn of Africa (Sudan and Ethiopia), and Brazil. The current global prevalence is estimated at about 12 million, and each year, the disease in one of its forms makes about 2 million new victims and claims up to 50,000 fatalities. This paper presents epidemiological, biological, and clinical aspects of leishmaniasis throughout the world; then focuses on the disease in the Republic of Suriname (South America); addresses in more detail the species of Leishmania parasites in that country; and concludes with potential future directions to improve our understanding of leishmaniasis in Suriname.

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“…In Bolivia, CL is mostly caused by L. (Viannia) braziliensis (up to 85% cases), [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] L. (Leishmania) amazonensis, 24,26 and L. (V.) lainsoni 22,[27][28][29] ; recently, some cases have also been found to be caused by L. (V.) guyanensis ( Table 1 ). 22 All parasite isolates that have been characterized to species have primarily been reported in the north, center, and east of the country (i.e., Departments of La Paz, Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz, and Cochabamba) ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Disease Distribution Notification and Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 All parasite isolates that have been characterized to species have primarily been reported in the north, center, and east of the country (i.e., Departments of La Paz, Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz, and Cochabamba) ( Figure 1 ). [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Leishmania (L.) infantum , the causative agent of VL, was isolated from or detected in patients, [31][32][33] dogs, 34,35 and the insect vector Lutzomyia longipalpis 36 in the Yungas region in the Department of La Paz. To our knowledge, VL remains rare in Bolivia and is restricted to this unique focus in the Yungas region in the Beni department, where the first autochthonous case was diagnosed in 1984.…”

Section: Disease Distribution Notification and Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…22,28,29,33,[62][63][64] The sensitivity varies according to the PCR protocol used, but in all cases, PCR proved to be more sensitive and specific in detecting Leishmania parasites compared with culture, microscopy, or clinical diagnosis (especially for ML). Similar to parasite culture, however, the use of PCR in Bolivia is limited to research purposes or epidemiologic studies because of the cost and need for specialized laboratory infrastructure and technically trained staff.…”

Section: Disease Distribution Notification and Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Leishmaniases in Bolivia: Comprehensive Review and Current Status

García

Parrado²,

Rojas³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The leishmaniases are protozoan, zoonotic diseases transmitted to human and other mammal hosts by the bite of phlebotomine sandflies. Bolivia has the highest incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Latin America (LA), with 33 cases per 100,000 population reported in 2006. CL is endemic in seven of the country's nine administrative departments. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is comparatively rare and is restricted to one single focus. Most CL cases are caused by Leishmania ( Viannia ) braziliensis (85% cases); VL is caused by L. (L.) infantum. Seven sandfly species are incriminated as vectors and Leishmania infections have been detected in several non-human mammal hosts. Transmission is associated with forest-related activities, but recently, cases of autochthonous, urban transmission were reported. Because most cases are caused by L. (V.) braziliensis, Bolivia reports the greatest ratio (i.e., up to 20% of all cases) of mucosal leishmaniasis to localized CL cases in LA. Per national guidelines, both CL and VL cases are microscopically diagnosed and treated with pentavalent antimony.

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First evidence of transmission of Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni in a Sub Andean region of Bolivia

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Human mixed infections of Leishmania spp. and Leishmania-Trypanosoma cruzi in a sub Andean Bolivian area: identification by polymerase chain reaction/hybridization and isoenzyme

Human mixed infections of Leishmania spp. and Leishmania-Trypanosoma cruzi in a sub Andean Bolivian area: identification by polymerase chain reaction/hybridization and isoenzyme

Epidemiological, Biological and Clinical Aspects of Leishmaniasis with Special Emphasis on Busi Yasi in Suriname

Leishmaniases in Bolivia: Comprehensive Review and Current Status

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