The crystal chemistry and the electrochemical properties upon Na + extraction/insertion of NASICON-type Na 3 Al y V 2Ày (PO 4 ) 3 compositions (y ¼ 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5) were investigated. It was found that this family of V/Al substituted NASICON materials undergoes multiple reversible phase transitions between À50 C and 250 C upon heating, from monoclinic to rhombohedral symmetry, related to progressive disordering of Na + ions within the framework. Na + insertion/extraction mechanisms were monitored by operando X-ray diffraction. It is shown for the first time that substitution of aluminum for vanadium in Na 3 Al 0.5 V 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 increases significantly the theoretical energy density of these promising positive electrodes (425 W h kg À1 ) due to its lighter molecular weight and the possibility of reversible operation on the V 4+ /V 5+ redox couple at 3.95 V vs. Na + /Na.