First gaseous boronization during pulsed discharge cleaning

Ko, Jinseok; Hartog, D. J. Den; Goetz, J. A.; Weix, P.J.; Limbach, S.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.07.040

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Two examples of the positive effects obtained in MST and RFX are given in figures 69 and 70, respectively. Figure 69 shows how after boronization the same plasma density is sustained by a higher gas puffing [587], while figure 70 displays a reduction of the plasma effective charge with boronization [573,593]. In MST, it has also been found that the operation with boronized wall can be associated to discharges featuring prolonged phases (up to 20 ms) without DREs.…”

Section: Recycling Controlmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Such uncontrolled events were instead avoided soon after a boronization. Boronization has been applied with different techniques on several RFP devices, including EXTRAP-T2 ( [584]), MST ( [585][586][587]), RFX( [588,589]) and RFX-mod [575]. A common result in all the experiments is that boronization is effective in reducing recycling, for a number of plasma shots that is dependent on the applied technique and boron layer thickness, on plasma regimes and on carbon redeposition rates.…”

Section: Recycling Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A common result in all the experiments is that boronization is effective in reducing recycling, for a number of plasma shots that is dependent on the applied technique and boron layer thickness, on plasma regimes and on carbon redeposition rates. The analysis of samples exposed to the boronization treatments showed that a crucial issue to ensure a good behaviour of a boronized wall is to obtain the deposition of a uniform layer [587,590,591]. In carbon wall devices where boronization is periodically performed, as RFX and RFX-mod, its lifetime is mainly limited by carbon erosion and redeposition processes, decreasing with increasing power loads [592].…”

Section: Recycling Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The reversed field pinch

et al. 2021

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This paper reviews the research on the reversed field pinch (RFP) in the last three decades. Substantial experimental and theoretical progress and transformational changes have been achieved since the last review (Bodin 1990 Nucl. Fusion 30 1717–37). The experiments have been performed in devices with different sizes and capabilities. The largest are RFX-mod in Padova (Italy) and MST in Madison (USA). The experimental community includes also EXTRAP-T2R in Sweden, RELAX in Japan and KTX in China. Impressive improvements in the performance are the result of exploration of two lines: the high current operation (up to 2 MA) with the spontaneous occurrence of helical equilibria with good magnetic flux surfaces and the active control of the current profile. A crucial ingredient for the advancements obtained in the experiments has been the development of state-of-art active feedback control systems allowing the control of MHD instabilities in presence of a thin shell. The balance between achievements and still open issues leads us to the conclusion that the RFP can be a valuable and diverse contributor in the quest for fusion electricity.

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Section: Recycling Controlmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Recycling Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recycling Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The reversed field pinch

et al. 2021

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“…These considerations imply the need for sophisticated control of the toroidal and poloidal field circuits during startup, and such control is one motivation for solidstate programmable power supplies on MST [30]. In addition to inductive control, reducing the edge plasma resistivity may also help broaden the current profile, and this is one goal of ongoing tests of boronization in MST [31].…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physics and optimization of plasma startup in the RFP

Mao¹,

Chapman²,

Ding³

et al. 2015

Nucl. Fusion

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In the tokamak and reversed-field pinch (RFP), inductively driven toroidal plasma current provides the confining poloidal magnetic field and ohmic heating power, but the magnitude and/or duration of this current is limited by the available flux swing in the poloidal field transformer. A portion of this flux is consumed during startup as the current is initiated and ramped to its final target value, and considerable effort has been devoted to understanding startup and minimizing the amount of flux consumed. Flux consumption can be reduced during startup in the RFP by increasing the toroidal magnetic field, B ti , applied to initiate the discharge, but the underlying physics is not yet entirely understood. Toward increasing this understanding, we have for the first time in the RFP employed advanced, non-invasive diagnostics on the Madison Symmetric Torus to measure the evolution of current, magnetic field, and kinetic profiles during startup. Flux consumption during startup is dominantly inductive, but we find that the inductive flux consumption drops as B ti increases. The resistive consumption of flux, while relatively small, apparently increases with B ti due to a smaller electron temperature. However, the ion temperature increases with B ti , exceeding the electron temperature and thus reflecting non-collisional heating. Magnetic fluctuations also increase with B ti , corresponding primarily to low-n modes that emerge sequentially as the safety factor profile evolves from tokamak-like to that of the RFP.

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“…On all tokamaks, the coatings remained for several hundred pulses. The degradation of the coating correlates with the degradation of the plasma parameters [ 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 ].…”

Section: Carborane As a Boron Source For Boron-containing Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composites and Materials Prepared from Boron Cluster Anions and Carboranes

Avdeeva,

Nikiforova,

Malinina

et al. 2023

Materials

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Here, we present composites and materials that can be prepared starting with boron hydride cluster compounds (decaborane, decahydro-closo-decaborate and dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate anions and carboranes). Recent examples of their utilization as boron protective coatings including using them to synthesize boron carbide, boron nitride, metal borides, metal-containing composites, and neutron shielding materials are discussed. The data are generalized demonstrate the versatile application of materials based on boron cluster anions and carboranes in various fields.

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First gaseous boronization during pulsed discharge cleaning

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

The reversed field pinch

The reversed field pinch

Physics and optimization of plasma startup in the RFP

Composites and Materials Prepared from Boron Cluster Anions and Carboranes

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