First Molecular Detection of Giardia duodenalis Assemblage B in a Free-Living European Wildcat (Felis s. silvestris) from Luxembourg

Solarczyk, Piotr; Osten‐Sacken, Natalia; Frantz, Alain C.; Schneider, Simone; Pir, Jacques B.; Heddergott, Mike

doi:10.4467/16890027ap.19.001.10832

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Canid-specific assemblages C and D have been identified in wolves and raccoon dogs in Croatia, Romania, and Poland [14,15,24,29]. However, among carnivores, also assemblages A and B have been seen in wolves, red foxes, and jackal in Norway, Sweden, and Croatia [14,16,27] and in a free-living European wildcat from Luxembourg [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Giardia duodenalis in Wildlife: Exploring Genotype Diversity in Italy and across Europe

et al. 2022

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Fragmented data are so far available on genotype diversity of G. duodenalis in wildlife in different countries in Europe, in particular, in Italy. In the present study, G. duodenalis sequences obtained from different Italian wild animals [12 porcupines (Hystrix cristata), 4 wild boars (Sus scrofa), 1 wolf (Canis lupus italicus), 6 Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra)] were compared with those available from wild host species in Europe to add new data on the geographic distribution of Giardia assemblages/sub-assemblages and their transmission patterns among natural hosts. Thirty-eight sequences were obtained by MLG analysis (SSU-rRNA, bg, gdh, and tpi genes) and subsequently compared by phylogenetic and network analyses with those from wild species monitored in the last decades in Europe. The results revealed the presence of potentially zoonotic (A-AI, A-AII from wild boar; B from porcupine) and host-adapted (D from wolf; E, A-AIII from chamois) assemblages and sub-assemblages and represent the first report for Italian wild boar. The analysis did not find any evidence of spatial or host segregation for specific genetic variants, mostly shared between different hosts from different European countries. However, conflicting evidence was found in genotypic assignment, advocating for data improvement and new genomic approaches.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Giardia duodenalis in Wildlife: Exploring Genotype Diversity in Italy and across Europe

et al. 2022

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“…The finding of assemblage B is somehow more worrying as this genetic variant is the most predominantly found circulating in the Spanish human population regardless of clinical status [89][90][91][92]. Of note, in the only survey reporting molecular data on G. duodenalis infections in European free-living felids, assemblage B was identified in a single wildcat in Luxembourg [36]. Taken together, these findings indicate that felids including the Iberian lynx can act as suitable hosts and spreaders of zoonotic variants of G. duodenalis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Giardia duodenalis is now regarded as a multispecies complex comprising eight established genotypes, known as assemblages A to H, that likely represent different species [27]. Five distinct G. duodenalis assemblages, zoonotic A and B, canine-adapted C and D, and ungulate-adapted E, have been identified in 20 European carnivore species belonging to 13 genera and seven families in the last two decades (Table 2) [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Assemblages B (34.8%, 23/66), A (30.3%, 20/66), and D (18.2%, 12/66) were the most prevalent G. duodenalis genetic variants individually found, whereas the red fox (n = 1129) and the wolf (n = 264) were the most investigated carnivore host species (Table 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Molecular Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in the Endangered Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus), Spain

Matas-Méndez,

Ávalos,

Caballero-Gómez

et al. 2024

Animals

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Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are the main non-viral causes of diarrhoea in humans and domestic animals globally. Comparatively, much less information is currently available in free-ranging carnivore species in general and in the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) in particular. Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis were investigated with molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) methods in individual faecal DNA samples of free-ranging and captive Iberian lynxes from the main population nuclei in Spain. Overall, Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis were detected in 2.4% (6/251) and 27.9% (70/251) of the animals examined, respectively. Positive animals to at least one of them were detected in each of the analysed population nuclei. The analysis of partial ssu rRNA gene sequences revealed the presence of rodent-adapted C. alticolis (n = 1) and C. occultus (n = 1), leporid-adapted C. cuniculus (n = 2), and zoonotic C. parvum (n = 2) within Cryptosporidium, and zoonotic assemblages A (n = 5) and B (n = 3) within G. duodenalis. Subgenotyping analyses allowed for the identification of genotype VaA19 in C. cuniculus (gp60 locus) and sub-assemblages AI and BIII/BIV in G. duodenalis (gdh, bg, and tpi loci). This study represents the first molecular description of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in the Iberian lynx in Spain. The presence of rodent/leporid-adapted Cryptosporidium species in the surveyed animals suggests spurious infections associated to the Iberian lynx’s diet. The Iberian lynx seems a suitable host for zoonotic genetic variants of Cryptosporidium (C. parvum) and G. duodenalis (assemblages A and B), although the potential risk of human transmission is regarded as limited due to light parasite burdens and suspected low excretion of infective (oo)cysts to the environment by infected animals. More research should be conducted to ascertain the true impact of these protozoan parasites in the health status of the endangered Iberian lynx.

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Literature review on the main existing structures and systematic/academic initiatives for surveillance in the EU for zoonoses in the environment and the methods for surveillance of pathogens in the environment

Alves¹,

Gavier‐Widén²,

Ferroglio³

et al. 2022

EFS3

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A small proportion of disease surveillance programs target environment compartment, and in the EU these are restricted to few countries. The present report is composed of two literature reviews (i) on the main existing structures and systematic/academic initiatives for surveillance in the EU for zoonoses in the environment, and (ii) on the methods for pathogen surveillance in the environment. Concerning (i), it is noteworthy that the most frequently reported objective was to evaluate control and eradication strategies and following trends of zoonosis. However, detecting new pathogens or unusual epidemiological events were scarcely reported as objectives, as well as demonstrating freedom from a particular pathogen, despite the big potential that environmental sampling and testing techniques have recently demonstrated for these purposes. Few of the pathogens prioritised by EFSA were represented in this literature review, indicating the potential of environmental techniques to be applied to a larger extent to detect relevant transboundary and (re)emergent zoonoses. The preferred environmental sample was water, followed by biological material (included faecal material) and vectors (mosquitoes). To a much lesser extent, soil, and other matrices were used. Regarding (ii) the pathogen detection and identification methods were divided into: conventional (culture and biochemistry‐based, and immunology‐based); molecular methods (nucleic acid‐based methods); biosensor‐based (new) and others. A large percentage of available assays for the detection and surveillance of pathogens in the environment focuses on hazards that are not among those pre‐selected by EFSA. Therefore, there is a need for development of new, untested, methods for surveillance of listed pathogens of higher epidemiological importance. Less disturbed areas, natural and wild environments are less covered by environmental sampling techniques than urban and farm environments and should therefore receive higher attention since they may hold undiscovered and potentially epidemiologically significant hazards and hosts. In general, molecular methods, namely the nucleic‐acid based methods, are the ones more commonly and widely used for pathogen detection in environmental samples, and can be developed for virtually any organism, given a sufficient effort to identify specific DNA/RNA sequences unique to the target organism. The usefulness and appropriateness of different environmental matrices for detecting specific pathogens or for specific purposes are discussed and recommendations are provided.

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First Molecular Detection of Giardia duodenalis Assemblage B in a Free-Living European Wildcat (Felis s. silvestris) from Luxembourg

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Giardia duodenalis in Wildlife: Exploring Genotype Diversity in Italy and across Europe

Giardia duodenalis in Wildlife: Exploring Genotype Diversity in Italy and across Europe

Detection and Molecular Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in the Endangered Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus), Spain

Literature review on the main existing structures and systematic/academic initiatives for surveillance in the EU for zoonoses in the environment and the methods for surveillance of pathogens in the environment

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