First North American fossil monkey and early Miocene tropical biotic interchange

Bloch, Jonathan I.; Woodruff, Emily D.; Wood, Aaron R.; Rincón, Aldo F.; Harrington, Arianna; Morgan, Gary; Foster, David A.; Montes, Camilo; Jaramillo, Carlos; Jud, Nathan A.; Jones, D. S.; MacFadden, Bruce J.

doi:10.1038/nature17415

Cited by 91 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This age range comes from the underlying Bas Obispo Formation mentioned above and the age of younger Culebra Formation. Bloch et al [35] report a U-Pb zircon age of 20.93 ± 0.17 Ma age on an ash layer within the Las Cascadas Formation. In addition, Montes et al, [33] report a U/Pb zircon age on an ash in the lower part of the Culebra Formation of 19.3±0.4 Ma.…”

Section: Observations and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Magmatic evolution of Panama Canal volcanic rocks: A record of arc processes and tectonic change

et al. 2017

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Volcanic rocks along the Panama Canal present a world-class opportunity to examine the relationship between arc magmatism, tectonic forcing, wet and dry magmas, and volcanic structures. Major and trace element geochemistry of Canal volcanic rocks indicate a significant petrologic transition at 21–25 Ma. Oligocene Bas Obispo Fm. rocks have large negative Nb-Ta anomalies, low HREE, fluid mobile element enrichments, a THI of 0.88, and a H2Ocalc of >3 wt. %. In contrast, the Miocene Pedro Miguel and Late Basalt Fm. exhibit reduced Nb-Ta anomalies, flattened REE curves, depleted fluid mobile elements, a THI of 1.45, a H2Ocalc of <1 wt. %, and plot in mid-ocean ridge/back-arc basin fields. Geochemical modeling of Miocene rocks indicates 0.5–0.1 kbar crystallization depths of hot (1100–1190°C) magmas in which most compositional diversity can be explained by fractional crystallization (F = 0.5). However, the most silicic lavas (Las Cascadas Fm.) require an additional mechanism, and assimilation-fractional-crystallization can reproduce observed compositions at reasonable melt fractions. The Canal volcanic rocks, therefore, change from hydrous basaltic pyroclastic deposits typical of mantle-wedge-derived magmas, to hot, dry bi-modal magmatism at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. We suggest the primary reason for the change is onset of arc perpendicular extension localized to central Panama. High-resolution mapping along the Panama Canal has revealed a sequence of inward dipping maar-diatreme pyroclastic pipes, large basaltic sills, and bedded silicic ignimbrites and tuff deposits. These volcanic bodies intrude into the sedimentary Canal Basin and are cut by normal and subsequently strike-slip faults. Such pyroclastic pipes and basaltic sills are most common in extensional arc and large igneous province environments. Overall, the change in volcanic edifice form and geochemistry are related to onset of arc perpendicular extension, and are consistent with the idea that Panama arc crust fractured during collision with South America forming the observed Canal extensional zone.

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Section: Observations and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Magmatic evolution of Panama Canal volcanic rocks: A record of arc processes and tectonic change

et al. 2017

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“…However, both geological and paleontological findings suggest a possible much earlier appearance of land masses, possibly as early as the early or middle Miocene (e.g. refs 12, 73, 74, 75). In our biogeographical analysis, although interchanges between Central America and South America were allowed earlier, most of the colonization events of Pteronymia lineages toward Central America have occurred during the last 5.0 [4.0–5.9] million years, in agreement with the first hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

North Andean origin and diversification of the largest ithomiine butterfly genus

De‐Silva

Mota

Chazot

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The Neotropics harbour the most diverse flora and fauna on Earth. The Andes are a major centre of diversification and source of diversity for adjacent areas in plants and vertebrates, but studies on insects remain scarce, even though they constitute the largest fraction of terrestrial biodiversity. Here, we combine molecular and morphological characters to generate a dated phylogeny of the butterfly genus Pteronymia (Nymphalidae: Danainae), which we use to infer spatial, elevational and temporal diversification patterns. We first propose six taxonomic changes that raise the generic species total to 53, making Pteronymia the most diverse genus of the tribe Ithomiini. Our biogeographic reconstruction shows that Pteronymia originated in the Northern Andes, where it diversified extensively. Some lineages colonized lowlands and adjacent montane areas, but diversification in those areas remained scarce. The recent colonization of lowland areas was reflected by an increase in the rate of evolution of species’ elevational ranges towards present. By contrast, speciation rate decelerated with time, with no extinction. The geological history of the Andes and adjacent regions have likely contributed to Pteronymia diversification by providing compartmentalized habitats and an array of biotic and abiotic conditions, and by limiting dispersal between some areas while promoting interchange across others.

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“…We are hopeful that we might find diagnostic and biogeographically interesting microfossils, e.g., foraminifera and mammals such as rodents, bats, or possibly even primates (e.g., Bloch et al [60]) through screen-washing and sieving, but up to now we have been unsuccessful in this regard. As we continue to process and sort screenwashed matrix, the potential for adding to the vertebrate fauna remains a distinct possibility.…”

Section: Discussion and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Chronology, Flora and Faunas, and Paleoecology of the Alajuela Formation, Late Miocene of Panama

MacFadden¹,

Jones²,

Jud³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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The late Miocene was an important time to understand the geological, climatic, and biotic evolution of the ancient New World tropics and the context for the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI). Despite this importance, upper Miocene deposits containing diverse faunas and floras and their associated geological context are rare in Central America. We present an integrated study of the geological and paleontological context and age of a new locality from Lago Alajuela in northern Panama (Caribbean side) containing late Miocene marine and terrestrial fossils (plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates) from the Alajuela Formation. These taxa indicate predominantly estuarine and shallow marine paleoenvironments, along with terrestrial influences based on the occurrence of land mammals. Sr-isotope ratio analyses of in situ scallop shells indicate an age for the Alajuela Formation of 9.77 ± 0.22 Ma, which also equates to a latest Clarendonian (Cl3) North American Land Mammal Age. Along with the roughly contemporaneous late Miocene Gatun and Lago Bayano faunas in Panama, we now have the opportunity to reconstruct the dynamics of the Central America seaway that existed before final closure coincident with formation of the Isthmus of Panama.

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First North American fossil monkey and early Miocene tropical biotic interchange

Cited by 91 publications

References 29 publications

Magmatic evolution of Panama Canal volcanic rocks: A record of arc processes and tectonic change

Magmatic evolution of Panama Canal volcanic rocks: A record of arc processes and tectonic change

North Andean origin and diversification of the largest ithomiine butterfly genus

Integrated Chronology, Flora and Faunas, and Paleoecology of the Alajuela Formation, Late Miocene of Panama

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