“…In this section, we explore the comparative effectiveness of emotion prediction across different models. Specifically, we conduct a comparative analysis of five benchmark models: SVM [ 30 ], ConvNet [ 8 ], RNN [ 10 ], LSTM [ 11 ], and Bi-LSTM [ 12 ], as well as three advanced models, namely ConvNet&Bi-LSTM [ 36 ], Hybrid attention network [ 38 ], and Self-adapting BERT [ 50 ] (their introductions can be found in the related work section), in comparison with the proposed model. The experimental results are presented in Table 6 .…”