First Record of Armyworm,<i>Mythimna separata</i>(Haworth) as a serious pest of maize in Kullu (HP) India and recommendations for its integrated management

Thakur, J. N.; Rawat, U. S.; Pawar, A. D.

doi:10.1080/09670878709371141

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Outbreaks of M. separata have been recorded in Andhra Pradesh during 1977Pradesh during , 1978Pradesh during , and 1981andduring 1980/1981 at Dharwad, Karnataka (Sharma and Davies, 1983); during 1983 at Kullu, Himachal Pradesh (Thakur et al, 1987), and during 1984 at Hissar, Haryana (Singh et al, 1987) in India, and during 1984 in Japan (Hirai et al, 1985). The occurrence of these M. separata outbreaks was attributed to drought following rains (which may possibly restrict the activity of parasitoids, predators, and diseases), floods resulting from heavy rainfall, induction of migrant populations into a geographic area, heavy fertilizer use and manuring (leads to better crop growth for insect feeding and development), trash mulching (provides a good site for oviposition and a better place in which the larvae can hide), and temperature and humidity regimes in the periods preceding and during the outbreaks (Butani, 1955;Puttarudriah and Usman, 1957;Chin, 1979;Grist and Lever, 1969;Avasthy and Chaudhary, 1965;Koyama, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population dynamics and natural mortality factors of the Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in South-Central India

Sharma¹,

Sullivan²,

Bhatnagar³

2002

Crop Protection

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The population dynamics and key mortality factors of the Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a serious pest of cereal crops in Asia and Australia, were studied in southern India. Adults were generally caught in light traps 15-20 days after the initiation of the monsoon rains in the first week of June, and reached a peak in September, nearly one month after the peak in larval density. Rainfall, and maximum and minimum relative humidity were positively associated moth catches in the light traps, while maximum temperature, open pan evaporation, solar radiation, sunshine hours, and wind velocity showed a negative correlation with moth abundance. Stepwise regression analysis of moth catches with weather conditions over the previous 2 and 4 weeks explained 54-68% of the variation in the number of moths caught in the light traps. Five hymenopteran parasitoids [Costesia ruficrus (Haliday), Metopius rufus Cameron, Disophyrys sp., Compoletis chlorideae Uchida, Enicospilus sp.], and five dipteran parasitoids [Carcelia illota (Curran), Sturmiopsis inferens Townsend, Palexorista solennis (Walker), P. laxa (Curran), and Megasellia sp.], mermithid (Neoplectana sp.), and nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) regulated its populations under natural conditions. Parasitism levels were much greater in sorghum (34.6%) than in pearl millet (17.6%). Cotesia ruficrus was the principle mortality factor, which caused up to 47% parasitism in October. Its activity was greater in sorghum (24.6%) than in pearl millet (14.9%). This parasitoid species could be exploited for the biological control of this pest.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population dynamics and natural mortality factors of the Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in South-Central India

Sharma¹,

Sullivan²,

Bhatnagar³

2002

Crop Protection

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“…Additionally, outbreaks occurred in Kullu, Himachal Pradesh in 1983, and Hissar, Haryana, India. Various factors contribute to these outbreaks, including drought following rainfall, floods due to heavy precipitation, population migration, intensified fertilizer usage promoting insect proliferation, trash mulching facilitating oviposition and larval concealment, and specific temperature and humidity conditions before and during the outbreaks These attributions are supported by studies conducted by [3,41].…”

Section: Outbreaks Of Oriental Armyworm Mythimna Separatamentioning

confidence: 89%

Unveiling the Impact of Mythimna seperata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Agriculture: Insights into Host Range Biology and Biological Control: A Review

Bhat,

Tak,

Ahad

et al. 2024

JEAI

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The Oriental armyworm scientifically referred to as Mythimna separata poses a significant threat to cereal crops across East Asia, South Asia, and Australia, resulting in notable agricultural losses. Recent reports indicate its widespread presence in 21 Asian countries and its establishment in Europe (Russia) and Oceania (Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu). M. separata undergoes a comprehensive metamorphic life cycle, progressing through stages of egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The larvae are highly voracious, causing significant harm to diverse crops This pest targets a wide range of host plants spanning 18 families, with the majority belonging to Poaceae (44 species), Brassicaceae (10), Cucurbitaceae (9), and Fabaceae (8), exacerbating agricultural damages. The voracious feeding habits of M. separata larvae lead to significant crop damage and reduced yields across various crops. Its adaptability to diverse environments and broad host range further amplifies its impact on agriculture. The challenges in predicting and controlling outbreaks stem from its strong flight capabilities, high reproductive rates of females, and voracious feeding behavior during later larval stages. Traditionally, insecticide application has been the primary method for controlling M. separata. However, concerns regarding health risks, ecological disruptions, rising costs, diminishing efficacy of some products, and adverse effects on non-target organisms and human health highlight the need for environmentally sustainable pest management strategies. Biological control, involving the utilization of natural enemies such as insects, viruses, fungi, bacteria, nematodes, mites, and spiders, has emerged as a vital approach for managing insect pests while preserving ecological balance. Given the complex challenges posed by M. separata, implementing a holistic approach that integrates biological control methods holds promise for effective pest management. This approach aligns with principles of environmental sustainability and biodiversity conservation within agro-ecosystems.

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“…Since that time, serious damage has periodically been reported on millets, sugarcane, sorghum, rice, maize, and wheat. In recent years, outbreaks of M. separata have been recorded in India, China, and Japan (Sharma and Davies, 1983;Hirai et al, 1985;Singh et al, 1987;Thakur et al, 1987;Sharma et al, 2002). The occurrence of M. separata outbreaks has been attributed to drought following rain (which may restrict the activity and abundance of the natural enemies), floods resulting from heavy rainfall, immigration, heavy fertilizer use (leading to better crop growth for feeding and development), trash mulching (provides a better site for oviposition and hiding), and favorable temperature and humidity regimes during the outbreaks (Avasthy and Chaudhary, 1965;Koyama, 1970;Chin, 1979;Sharma et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of weeding regimes and pearl millet genotypes on parasitism of the Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata

et al. 2004

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We studied the effect of four weeding regimes (weed free, one manual weeding, one manual weeding + atrazine, and a weedy check) on larval density and leaf defoliation in four pear millet genotypes by the larvae of Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata. Data were also recorded on the extent of larval parasitism under different weeding regimes, and the parasitoids involved. The leaf damage and larval densities were lower in weed free plots as compared to the weedy plots. This was also reflected in grain yield, as maximum grain yield was recorded in weed-free plots as compared to the weedy plots. Seven parasitoids (Cotesia ruficrus, Metopius rufus, Sturmiopsis inferens, Palexorista solemnis, P. laxa, Carcelia sp., and the entomopathogenic nematode Neoplectana sp. were recorded from M. separata larvae, of which M. rufus, Carcelia sp., and Neoplectana sp. were the most abundant. Parasitism by M. rufus was greater in plots with a weed cover and least in weed-free plots, while parasitsm by Carcelia sp. was lower in plots with one hand weeding than in weedy plots. Numerically, parasitism by Neopletana sp. was low in plots treated with atrazine, and maximum in plots weeded manually. Therefore, the minimum level of weeding, which does not affect the crop adversely should be undertaken to promote the biological control of M. separata in pearl millet.

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First Record of Armyworm,Mythimna separata(Haworth) as a serious pest of maize in Kullu (HP) India and recommendations for its integrated management

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Population dynamics and natural mortality factors of the Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in South-Central India

Population dynamics and natural mortality factors of the Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in South-Central India

Unveiling the Impact of Mythimna seperata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Agriculture: Insights into Host Range Biology and Biological Control: A Review

Influence of weeding regimes and pearl millet genotypes on parasitism of the Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata

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