First Report of ‘<i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter solanacearum’ Associated With Psyllid-Infested Carrots in Germany

Munyaneza, Joseph E.; Swisher, Kylie D.; Hommes, Martin; Willhauck, A.; Buck, H.; Meadow, Richard

doi:10.1094/pdis-02-15-0206-pdn

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In 2012, it was identified as a vector of the phloemrestricted pathogenic bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (Lso) on carrots (Daucus carota L.) (Alfaro-Fernandez et al, 2012) and later identified as an Lso-vector on celery (Apium graveolens L.) (Teresani et al, 2014). Lso is an emerging vector-borne pathogen first described in America as causing disease in Solanaceae transmitted by Bactericera cockerelli Sulc (Secor et al, 2009) but later associated to Apiaceae in Europe and Africa (Munyaneza et al, 2010(Munyaneza et al, , 2015Alfaro-Fernandez et al, 2012;Loiseau et al, 2014;Tahzima et al, 2014;Teresani et al, 2014). In northern Europe, Lso is transmitted by the psyllid Trioza apicalis Foerster, whereas in the southern Mediterranean, Lso is transmitted by B. trigonica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the electrical penetration graphs of the psyllid Bactericera trigonica on carrots

Antolínez

Moreno

Appezzato‐da‐Glória

et al. 2017

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The psyllid Bactericera trigonica Hodkinson (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a carrot and celery pest recently described as a vector of the plant pathogenic bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso) on Apiaceae. Detailed information on vector stylet penetration activities is essential in the study of Lso transmission. In this study we used the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique, characterized waveforms produced during the various stylet penetration activities in carrot leaves, and correlated them with stylet tracks and salivary sheath termini on plant tissues as well as with Lso inoculation. In addition, the effect of Lso in B. trigonica on the stylet penetration activities was tested. The EPG waveforms identified were: waveforms C1 and C2 detected in the mesophyll, waveforms D, E1, and E2 near or in the phloem sieve elements, and waveform G in the xylem vessels. A waveform pattern not previously reported for psyllids was the ‘pseudo‐potential drop’ (pseudo‐pd), characterized by sudden voltage dips similar to potential drops. However, the lowered voltage appeared to be inverted when the plant voltage is negative, indicating that it is caused by an increased resistance period and not due to a cell puncture. A direct correlation is shown between the waveform E1 and salivation into phloem sieve elements by B. trigonica as the inoculation of Lso occurred in a period as short as 30 s of E1; Lso transmission occurred in 17 of 35 plants (48%). Stylet activities during waveforms C or D had no consequences on the inoculation of Lso. In conclusion, Lso infection directly affects the probing behaviour of B. trigonica by increasing the total duration of C and D waveforms, but not variables related to phloem salivation (Lso inoculation) or ingestion (Lso acquisition). The reported information here is fundamental for identifying the psyllid vector traits of behaviour associated with transmission of Lso to Apiaceae.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the electrical penetration graphs of the psyllid Bactericera trigonica on carrots

Antolínez

Moreno

Appezzato‐da‐Glória

et al. 2017

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Sweden) and haplotypes LsoD and LsoE in Southern Europe (France and Spain) and Morocco (Nelson et al 2011(Nelson et al , 2013Loiseau et al 2014;Tahzima et al 2014;Teresani et al 2014;Munyaneza et al 2015). T. apicalis has been described to transmit haplotype LsoC in Finland (Munyaneza et al 2010b;Nelson et al 2011), while B. trigonica is associated with the transmission of haplotype LsoD in carrot, and likely with LsoE in celery and carrot (Alfaro-Fernández et al 2012;Nelson et al 2013;Teresani et al 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Haplotypes of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ identified in Umbeliferous crops in Spain

2017

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Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' is a phloem-limited Gram-negative bacterium that causes serious damage to different crops of the botanical families Solanaceae and Apiaceae. Five haplotypes have been described: LsoA and LsoB are present in solanaceous crops in America and vectored by the tomato/potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli; LsoC affects carrots from Northern and Central Europe, and is transmitted by the carrot psyllid Trioza apicalis; haplotypes LsoD and LsoE are present in Southern Europe and Morocco in carrot and celery, and are associated with the psyllid Bactericera trigonica. Thirty-four 'Ca. L. solanacearum' isolates were collected in six different regions of Spain from distinct Apiaceae hosts (carrot, celery, parsley and parsnip) in eight consecutive years and were analysed. Their haplotypes were determined by a sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA, the 16S-26S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer, and the 23S ribosomal RNA and rplJ and rplL genes. Both haplotypes LsoD and LsoE were found across Spain, and no host specificity appeared between these two haplotypes. This is the first report of 'Ca. L. solanacearum' associated with parsley and parsnip.

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“…Recently, Lso has also caused severe carrot crop losses in several locations in the Mediterranean as well as in Germany (Alfaro-Fernández et al, 2012a;Loiseau et al, 2014;Tahzima et al, 2014;Teresani et al, 2014;Munyaneza et al, 2015). Two different psyllid species have been reported so far as vectors of Lso in carrots: Trioza apicalis Foerster in northern Europe (Munyaneza et al, 2010b;Nissinen et al, 2014;Munyaneza et al, 2015b) and Bactericera trigonica Hodkinson in the Mediterranean region (Alfaro-Fernández et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, Lso also affects plants from the family Apiaceae such as celery and carrot in Europe, Africa and the Middle East (Alfaro-Fernández et al, 2012a,b;Munyaneza et al, 2010aMunyaneza et al, , 2015Loiseau et al, 2014;Tahzima et al, 2014;Teresani et al, 2014). Symptoms of Lso in carrot and celery include abnormal proliferation of shoots, stem curling as well as purple or yellow discoloration and root size reduction.…”

Section: The Pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the transmissible pathogens, the most economically important is the phloem-restricted bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso). Currently, psyllids as well as Lso are well established in different European countries and are spreading to new areas (Munyaneza et al, 2010a;Alfaro-Fernández et al, 2012a;Ouvrard and Burckhardt, 2012;Loiseau et al, 2014;Munyaneza et al, 2015). Therefore, information about how psyllids transmits Lso is important to understanding the epidemiology of this pathogen and to establish effective management practices.…”

Section: Chapter I Introduction Vegetable Production In Spainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vector mediated transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum and epidemiological consequences

Delgado¹,

Andrés²

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First Report of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Associated With Psyllid-Infested Carrots in Germany

Cited by 39 publications

References 5 publications

Characterization of the electrical penetration graphs of the psyllid Bactericera trigonica on carrots

Characterization of the electrical penetration graphs of the psyllid Bactericera trigonica on carrots

Haplotypes of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ identified in Umbeliferous crops in Spain

Vector mediated transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum and epidemiological consequences

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