First Report of Nothofagus macrocarpa Dieback Caused by Phytophthora citrophthora and P. nicotianae in Chile

Valencia, Ana Luisa Navarrete; Chorbadjian, Rodrigo A.; Latorre, B. A.

doi:10.1094/pdis-03-11-0258

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…in their native locations. These include Phytophthora cinnamomi , associated with severe dieback and mortality of Nothofagus trees in the southern highlands of Papua New Guinea (Arentz, ); and Phytophthora citrophthora and Phytophthora nicotianae , recently reported causing dieback of Nothofagus macrocarpa seedlings in a nursery in Chile (Valencia et al ., ). Many natural forest ecosystems in the Southern Hemisphere such as those in Chile, Argentina, Tasmania and New Zealand are probably climatically well suited to activity of aerial Phytophthora species (Dick et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dieback and mortality of Nothofagus in Britain: ecology, pathogenicity and sporulation potential of the causal agent Phytophthora pseudosyringae

Scanu

Webber

2015

Plant Pathology

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Since 2009 extensive dieback and mortality of Nothofagus obliqua, associated with bleeding cankers on stems and branches, has been observed in the UK. The causal agent was identified as Phytophthora pseudosyringae, based on morphological and analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Between 2011 and 2013, a survey assessed the frequency and nature of these P. pseudosyringae infections. Mature trees of Nothofagus with stem lesions caused by P. pseudosyringae were found across England, Scotland and Wales. Additional symptoms such as twig blight and leaf necrosis indicated that aerial infection was occurring. Besides N. obliqua, other hosts regularly encountered included Nothofagus alpina, Fagus sylvatica and Vaccinium myrtillus. In pathogenicity tests involving inoculation of logs, P. pseudosyringae was shown to be an aggressive bark pathogen of N. obliqua and F. sylvatica, but significantly less aggressive on N. alpina. Foliage susceptibility and sporulation tests showed marked differences between the six host species tested. Leaves of N. obliqua and V. myrtillus were highly susceptible. Leaves of N. alpina were moderately susceptible, those of Rhododendron ponticum slightly susceptible and those of F. sylvatica not susceptible at all. High levels of sporulation were observed only on inoculated N. obliqua and V. myrtillus leaves. This suggests that P. pseudosyringae may sporulate heavily on N. obliqua foliage in the field and that this inoculum initiates the aerial lesions observed on the shoots, branches and stems. The results also suggest that P. pseudosyringae has the potential to pose a serious threat to N. obliqua and other Nothofagus species in their Southern Hemisphere native ranges.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dieback and mortality of Nothofagus in Britain: ecology, pathogenicity and sporulation potential of the causal agent Phytophthora pseudosyringae

Scanu

Webber

2015

Plant Pathology

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“…infecting Nothofagus spp. in their countries of origin include P. cinnamomi , associated with severe dieback and mortality of Nothofagus trees in the southern highlands of Papua New Guinea ( Arentz 1983 ), and P. citrophthora and P. nicotianae , causing dieback of N. macrocarpa seedlings in a nursery in Chile ( Valencia et al 2011 ). Many natural forest ecosystems in the temperate regions of the southern Hemisphere, in particular in Chile, Argentina, New Guinea, Tasmania and New Zealand, are climatically favourable for inoculum production, spread and infections by airborne Phytophthora species ( Scanu & Webber 2016 ), which may pose a serious risk to these native forests.…”

Section: Airborne Phytophthora Diseases Of Forests and Woodlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canker and decline diseases caused by soil- and airborne Phytophthora species in forests and woodlands

Jung

Pérez‐Sierra

Durán³

et al. 2018

persoonia

161

208

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Most members of the oomycete genus Phytophthora are primary plant pathogens. Both soil- and airborne Phytophthora species are able to survive adverse environmental conditions with enduring resting structures, mainly sexual oospores, vegetative chlamydospores and hyphal aggregations. Soilborne Phytophthora species infect fine roots and the bark of suberized roots and the collar region with motile biflagellate zoospores released from sporangia during wet soil conditions. Airborne Phytophthora species infect leaves, shoots, fruits and bark of branches and stems with caducous sporangia produced during humid conditions on infected plant tissues and dispersed by rain and wind splash. During the past six decades, the number of previously unknown Phytophthora declines and diebacks of natural and semi-natural forests and woodlands has increased exponentially, and the vast majority of them are driven by introduced invasive Phytophthora species. Nurseries in Europe, North America and Australia show high infestation rates with a wide range of mostly exotic Phytophthora species. Planting of infested nursery stock has proven to be the main pathway of Phytophthora species between and within continents. This review provides insights into the history, distribution, aetiology, symptomatology, dynamics and impact of the most important canker, decline and dieback diseases caused by soil- and airborne Phytophthora species in forests and natural ecosystems of Europe, Australia and the Americas.

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First report of oomycetes associated with the invasive tree Parkinsonia aculeata (Family: Fabaceae)

Steinrucken

Aghighi

Hardy

et al. 2017

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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Phytophthora species have caused the decline and dieback of multiple tree species in Australia and around the world. Dieback in invasive trees in Australia has been observed for decades, motivating research into the potential causes of dieback to be used for biological control of these invasive species. Despite wide-ranging and ongoing research into invasive plant dieback, Phytophthora species have been largely ignored as potential causal agents of dieback, with the focus more on latent fungal pathogens living as endophytes. We conducted the first survey of Phytophthora and other oomycetes to determine their association with dieback of the invasive tree, Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Fabaceae). Using zoospore baiting, we recovered 37 oomycete isolates from roots and soil of healthy and dieback-affected P. aculeata in Kununurra, Western Australia and Charters Towers, Queensland. Using molecular taxonomy, we identified ten unique oomycete taxa, predominantly composed of Phytophthora palmivora, Ph. nicotianae and Phytopythium vexans. Parkinsonia dieback occurs across multiple climatic zones including those experiencing severe drought. We recovered fewer oomycete isolates from soil and roots in drought-affected Charters Towers than Kununurra, which had experienced recent rainfall. This may be because oomycetes require soil moisture for the dispersal of zoospores. None of the genotypes identified were consistently isolated from dieback-affected trees suggesting that any association with parkinsonia dieback may be localised. More extensive surveys and pathogenicity screenings of isolated Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporationoomycetes are required to evaluate their role in the parkinsonia dieback phenomenon.Response to Reviewers: To the Editor, Thank-you for accepting our submission "First report of Oomycetes associated with the invasive tree Parkinsonia aculeata (Family: Fabaceae)".I have reviewed and made the changes you suggested in the manuscript, such as changing the abbreviated "QLD" to "Queensland" throughout, and fixing any ambiguity with the "Phytophthora" vs. "Pythium" genera using abbreviations "Ph." and "Py." where appropriate (I.e. not at the start of sentences where I have instead written the genus out in full). I also changed mention of the study plant, "Parkinsonia" to "P. aculeata", removed Figure 2 and have adjusted the orders of Figure 3 and 4.Please contact me should you require anything further via my contact details below. Phytophthora species have caused the decline and dieback of multiple tree species in 22

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First Report of Nothofagus macrocarpa Dieback Caused by Phytophthora citrophthora and P. nicotianae in Chile

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Dieback and mortality of Nothofagus in Britain: ecology, pathogenicity and sporulation potential of the causal agent Phytophthora pseudosyringae

Dieback and mortality of Nothofagus in Britain: ecology, pathogenicity and sporulation potential of the causal agent Phytophthora pseudosyringae

Canker and decline diseases caused by soil- and airborne Phytophthora species in forests and woodlands

First report of oomycetes associated with the invasive tree Parkinsonia aculeata (Family: Fabaceae)

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