First Report of <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> AG-4 Causing Seedling Disease in Rice

Gaire, Shankar Prasad; Zhou, Xin‐Gen; Jo, Young‐Ki; Shi, Junbo

doi:10.1094/pdis-07-19-1570-pdn

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…R . solani AG‐4 has been reported as the new causal agent of seedling blight in rice in our previous study (Gaire et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Identification and distribution of fungal pathogens associated with seedling blight of rice in the southern United States

Gaire¹,

Zhou²,

Zhou

et al. 2022

Plant Pathology

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Surveys were conducted in the five southern rice‐producing states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri and Texas in the United States during the 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons to determine the distribution and pathogenicity of fungal pathogens associated with seedling blight in rice. A total of 349 pathogenic fungal isolates were collected and identified as belonging to four genera: Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium spp., Sclerotium rolfsii and Marasmius graminum based on morphological characteristics, molecular analysis and Koch's postulates. R. solani (252 out of 349 pathogenic isolates) was the most prevalent fungus isolated from diseased samples. Of the 252 pathogenic R. solani isolates, 245 were further classified as anastomosis group 11 (AG‐11) and 7 as AG‐4. Isolates of R. solani AG‐4 and M. graminum were the most aggressive, with the highest stand loss (63% to 100%) and median disease rating (DR; 5.0), followed by isolates of R. solani AG‐11 (stand loss = 4% to 100% and DR = 0.6 to 5.0), Fusarium spp. (stand loss = 26% to 48% and DR = 2.0 to 5.0) and S. rolfsii (stand loss = 33% to 48% and DR = 2.0 to 3.0) in causing seedling blight in rice. R. solani (62% to 83% of total pathogenic isolates) and Fusarium spp. (10% to 24% of total pathogenic isolates) were predominant in all the five states surveyed. S. rolfsii and M. graminum were present only in Louisiana and Texas. The results of this first systematic survey of rice seedling diseases in the southern United States will help develop effective fungicide seed treatment strategies for control of stand loss caused by seedling blight, one of the major factors limiting rice production.

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“…R . solani AG‐4 has been reported as the new causal agent of seedling blight in rice in our previous study (Gaire et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…So far, R. solani AG-11 has been reported to be pathogenic to lily (Lilium spp.) in Japan (Misawa et al, 2017), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) in Western Australia (Sweetingham et al, 1986), snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Idaho the new causal agent of seedling blight in rice in our previous study (Gaire et al, 2020).…”

Section: Pathogenicity Testsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Identification and distribution of fungal pathogens associated with seedling blight of rice in the southern United States

Gaire¹,

Zhou²,

Zhou

et al. 2022

Plant Pathology

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“…In-vitro bacterial endophyte antagonism assay. Antagonistic activities of seed endophytic bacterial isolates were tested on the three rice seedling blight pathogens: R. solani AG4 (Gaire et al 2020), R. solani AG11 (Jones and Carling 2007), and M. graminum (Gaire et al 2021). The isolates were initially dereplicated based on their 16S rRNA gene sequence.…”

Section: Isolation and Identification Of Culturable Bacterial Endophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the most recent seedling disease surveys, Rhizoctonia solani AG11 is the most abundant fungal pathogen that causes seedling blight in the southern US (Gaire et al 2022). R. solani AG4 and Marasminus graminum, the two new fungal pathogens, also causing the seedling blight (Gaire et al 2020(Gaire et al , 2021(Gaire et al , 2023. Currently, farmers heavily rely on fungicide seed treatment for the control of these seedling diseases (Jones and Carling 2007;Zhou and Jo 2023).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Differences of Seed Endophytic Microbiome in Conventional and Organic Rice by Amplicon-based Sequencing and Culturing Methods

Khanal,

Imran,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The seed serves as the primary source of microbial inoculum for plant microbiota, playing a crucial role in establishing microbial populations in plants across subsequent generations, ultimately impacting plant growth and its overall health. Cropping conditions, especially farming practices, can influence the composition and functionality of the seed microbiome. Very little is known about the differences in seed microbiome between organic and conventional production systems. In this study, we characterized the endophytic microbial populations in seeds of rice grown under organic and conventional management practices through culture-dependent and independent analyses. The V4 region of 16S rRNA was used for bacterial taxa identification, and the ITS1 region was used in the identification of fungal taxa. Our results revealed significantly higher Shannon and Simpson indices for bacterial diversity in the conventional farming system whereas the fungal diversity was higher for observed, Shannon, and Simpson indices in the organic farming system. The cultivable endophytic bacteria were isolated and identified by the full-length 16S rRNA gene. There was no difference in culturable endophytic bacterial isolates in rice seeds grown under both conventional and organic farming systems. Among 33 unique isolates tested in vitro, three bacteria Bacillus sp. ST24, Burkholderia sp. OR5, and Pantoea sp. ST25, showed antagonistic activities against Marasmius graminum, Rhizoctonia solani AG4, and R. solani AG11, the fungal pathogens causing rice seedling blight.

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“…Rhizoctonia solani [19,20], Marasmius graminum [21], and Curvularia coatesiae [8], identifying the specific pathogenic species and their occurrence is essential for selecting effective chemical fungicides for appropriate disease prevention and control [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Pythium aristosporum Oomycete—A Novel Pathogen Causing Rice Seedling Blight in China

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

JoF

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Rice seedling blight is a globally occurring seedling disease caused by multiple pathogens. It is currently the most common disease affecting rice production in northeast China; hence, determining the causal agents, including its biological characteristics, host range, and fungicide efficacy is vital for its effective management. The present study obtained 45 pathogenic isolates from diseased rice seedlings in Suihua, Heilongjiang Province, China. Of these, five pathogens were identified based on their morphology and molecular identification, while 10 oomycete isolates were identified as Pythium aristosporum—the first to be reported in rice seedling blight. Its optimum growth conditions include a temperature of 25 °C, pH 6, and photoperiod of 24 h. Except for soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), black soybean (Glycine max var.), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), P. aristosporum can potentially infect and cause seedling blight on other hosts, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), oats (Avena sativa L.), and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Its isolates were found to be highly sensitive to metalaxyl + propamocarb (EC50 = 0.0138 μg/mL) with 84.1% efficacy at 313 μg/mL. These results can serve as the basis for controlling P. aristosporum.

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First Report of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 Causing Seedling Disease in Rice

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Identification and distribution of fungal pathogens associated with seedling blight of rice in the southern United States

Identification and distribution of fungal pathogens associated with seedling blight of rice in the southern United States

Characterization of Differences of Seed Endophytic Microbiome in Conventional and Organic Rice by Amplicon-based Sequencing and Culturing Methods

Characterisation of Pythium aristosporum Oomycete—A Novel Pathogen Causing Rice Seedling Blight in China

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