First Report on a Randomized Investigation of Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal Indicator Bacteria from Livestock, Poultry, and Humans in Tanzania

Abstract

This study provides an estimate of antimicrobial resistance in intestinal indicator bacteria from humans (n = 97) and food animals (n = 388) in Tanzania. More than 70% of all fecal samples contained tetracycline (TE), sulfamethoxazole (STX), and ampicillin (AMP)-resistant coliforms, while cefotaxime (CTX)-resistant coliforms were observed in 40% of all samples. The average Log colony forming units/g of CTX-resistant coliforms in samples from humans were 2.20. Of 390 Escherichia coli tested, 66.4% were resistant to TE, 54.9% to STX, 54.9% to streptomycin, and 36.4% to CTX. Isolates were commonly (65.1%) multiresistant. All CTX-resistant isolates contained bla gene type. AMP- and vancomycin-resistant enterococci were rare, and the average concentrations in positive samples were low (log 0.9 and 0.4, respectively). A low-to-moderate resistance (2.1-15%) was detected in 240 enterococci isolates to the drugs tested, except for rifampicin resistance (75.2% of isolates). The average number of sulII gene copies varied between Log 5.37 and 5.68 with no significant difference between sample source, while cattle had significantly higher number of tetW genes than humans. These findings, based on randomly obtained samples, will be instrumental in designing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) intervention strategies for Tanzania.

Genome-Based Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in the Aquatic Environment and Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) of Lake Victoria, Tanzania

“…In Tanzania, ESBL-producing E. coli have been isolated from different sources such as human specimens, foods, and aquatic environments (Moyo et al, 2010;Moremi et al, 2016b). Although ESBL-producing E. coli have been reported in humans in different regions of Tanzania (Moyo et al, 2010;Seni et al, 2016;Katakweba et al, 2018) and also in livestock and poultry (Katakweba et al, 2018), the importance of livestock and their meats as sources of ESBL-producing E. coli is unknown. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae recovered from the aquatic environments and tilapia from Lake Victoria were previously characterized (Moremi et al, 2016b).…”

Prevalence of Multidrug-ResistantEscherichia coliIsolated from Drinking Water Sources

“…E. coli has also been shown to be a significant reservoir of genes coding for antimicrobial drug resistance and therefore is a useful indicator for resistance in bacterial communities [11, 12]. Although there are several studies assessing multidrug resistance (MDR) in E. coli populations of animal origin, not much work has been done on the ecology of MDR [13, 14].…”

Multiple ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Sequence Types Carrying Quinolone and Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes Circulating in Companion and Domestic Farm Animals in Mwanza, Tanzania, Harbor Commonly Occurring Plasmids

“…The prevailing evidence from hospital and community-based studies in Mwanza, Tanzania, suggests that CTX-M-15 is predominant in ESBL-producing clinical isolates and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality ( Kayange et al, 2010 ; Mshana et al, 2011a ). Moreover, despite evidence from other regions in Tanzania on the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance in animals associated with varying ESBL-alleles ( Katakweba, 2014 ; Lupindu et al, 2014 ), there is still limited information regarding genetic diversity of ESBL isolates among companion and domestic farm animals in the Mwanza region. Therefore, this study aimed to address the magnitude and the risk factors associated with ESBL carriage, identify ESBL alleles and analyze the MLST types among companion and domestic farm animals in this region.…”