First report on molecular surveillance based on duplex detection of Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata in dairy cattle from Punjab, Pakistan

Atif, Farhan Ahmad; Abbas, Rao Zahid; Mehnaz, Saba; Qamar, Muhmmad Fiaz; Hussain, Kashif; Nazir, Muhammad Usman; Zaman, M. A.; Khan, Aman Ullah; Saïd, Mourad Ben

doi:10.1007/s11250-022-03158-y

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is in agreement with study of Zafar et al (2022) who reported prevalence of A. marginale from 9-17% in tested blood samples from two southern districts (Lodhran and Dera Ghazi Khan) of Punjab, Pakistan. Our findings are also in agreement with results of Atif et al (2022) who reported the highest prevalence of A. marginale in cattle of less than 1 year old (32.84%) while the lowest prevalence (6.45%) was in animals aged between 1 and 2 years of age. In another study from Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan showed that on PCR (16S rRNA gene) A. marginale is found to be 16.3% prevalent in cattle of various areas; with breed and acaricidal treatment as significant determinants (Zeb et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In our study the wet months of summer showed highest percentage of protozoan infection. Our observations are supported by Atif et al (2022) who reported that incidence of all ticks and tick-borne pathogens are higher in summer, followed by spring, autumn, and winter. The Okafor et al (2018) summed up that summer/hotter months has higher incident of A. marginale than spring/winter/colder months of the year.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The sampling sites, vector species, breeds and breeding system as well as the climatic conditions effect the prevalence of A. marginale (Bursakov and Kovalchuk, 2019). As reported in various studies, the prevalence of A. marginale has shown to be vary from 3-41% in Pakistan (Afridi and Ahmad, 2005;Farooqi et al, 2018;Turi et al, 2018;Ashraf et al, 2021;Atif et al, 2022). A. marginale has also been reported from various countries of the world including India (18.48-45.2%) (Singh et al, 2012;Kumar et al, 2019), Egypt (20%), (Selim et al, 2021), Sri Lanka (32.7%) (Zhyldyz et al, 2019), Iran (38.6%) (Noaman and Shayan, 2010), Algeria (39.4%) (Rjeibi et al, 2018), Brazil (57.5%) (Garcia et al, 2022) and USA (82%) (Hairgrove et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…TTBD infect cattle in wide ecological and geographical regions of Pakistan (Karim et al, 2017;Atif et al, 2022). The exotic livestock breed is highly susceptible to tick and tick-borne diseases even kept in very controlled environment (Young et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The co-infection of protozoans in cattle is not very uncommon, and has been reported in Pakistan as well as by researchers all around the globe. In a study carried out by Atif et al (2022), based on duplex PCR, the overall prevalence of the two concurrent tick-borne pathogens T. annulata and A. marginale was found to be 19.79%. In another study in Peshawar, Pakistan, out of 68 positive cases, 12 samples (4.21%) were harbouring single infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of ticks and tick-borne mixed parasitic microbiota in cross-bred cattle in District Lahore, Pakistan

et al. 2022

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The present study was focused on the incidence of ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBD) in cross-bred cattle (Friesian x Sahiwal) of two farms (n = 2548) in district Lahore, Pakistan. We collected total of 572 ticks (adults and nymphs) and blood samples (10 ml) for microscopic i.e., blood smear test - Giemsa Stain (BST) and molecular analysis; Reverse Line Blot-General Primer-PCR (RLB-PCR) and Specie Specific Primer PCR (SP-PCR) from infested cattle (n = 100) from months of April to September. Results: The tick specie identified was Rhipicephalus microplus at both farms, with significant difference in infestations rate amongst both farms (p< 0.0001). The cross-bred cattle having higher ratio of Friesian blood and lower ratio of Sahiwal blood were mostly infested by ticks (p < 0.0458) and haemoparasites (p <0.474) and vice versa. The SP-PCR showed higher number of haemoparasites infection than BST, which revealed 16% T. annulata (p < 0.0001 and k value 0.485, 0.0001), 51% B. bigemina (p < 0.0001 and k value 0.485, 0.0001) and 15% A. marginale (p < 0.001 and k value 0.207, 0.001), respectively. The single infection with B. bigemina was 34% (n = 34/100) and A. marginale 6% (n = 6/100). The double infection with T. annulata/B. bigemina was 8% (n = 8/100) and B. bigemina/A. marginale 1% (n = 1/100). Whereas the triple infection with T. annulata/B. bigemina/A .marginale was 8% (n = 8/100). The phylogenetic study of isolated sequence of T. annulata revealed close homology to isolates from Iran (87%), B. bigemina to isolates from Cuba (94 to 100%) and A. marginale with isolates from Pakistan (99 to 98%).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of ticks and tick-borne mixed parasitic microbiota in cross-bred cattle in District Lahore, Pakistan

et al. 2022

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Leading report of molecular prevalence of tick borne Anaplasma marginale and Theileria ovis in yaks (Bos grunniens) from Pakistan

Nawaz,

Ullah,

Rehman

et al. 2024

Arch Microbiol

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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of ticks and tick-borne pathogens from cattle in selected villages of Greater Letaba Municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Monakale,

Smith,

Gaorekwe

et al. 2024

Parasitol Res

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Ticks are blood ectoparasites that feed on domestic, wild animals and humans. They spread a variety of infections such as protozoa, viruses, and bacteria. Moreover, cattle reared by smallholder farmers are susceptible to ticks and tick-borne pathogens. Therefore, accurate identification of ticks and detection of tick-borne pathogens is crucial. The main aim of this study was to identify and characterize ticks and tick-borne pathogens from selected villages in Greater Letaba Municipality, Limpopo Province, using morphological and molecular techniques. A total of 233 ticks were collected from cattle and identified morphologically using appropriate morphological keys. The following tick species were identified: Amblyomma hebraeum, Hyalomma rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Rhipicephalus spp. was the most common species accounting to 73.8% of the identified ticks. The genomic DNA was extracted from the whole tick for tick identification and from midguts of the ticks for the detection of tick-borne pathogens, followed by amplification and sequencing. A total of 27 samples were positive for tick-borne pathogens: 23 samples tested positive for Theileria and four samples tested positive for Ehrlichia. Anaplasma and Rickettsial OmpB could not be detected from any of the samples. There was no obvious grouping of ticks and tick-borne pathogens on the bases of their locality. The findings of this study confirm previous reports that indicated that cattle reared by smallholder farmers harbor various ticks and tick-borne pathogens of veterinary, public health, and economic importance. Regular monitoring of tick infestations in villages around the study areas is recommended to avoid disease outbreaks.

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First report on molecular surveillance based on duplex detection of Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata in dairy cattle from Punjab, Pakistan

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Occurrence of ticks and tick-borne mixed parasitic microbiota in cross-bred cattle in District Lahore, Pakistan

Occurrence of ticks and tick-borne mixed parasitic microbiota in cross-bred cattle in District Lahore, Pakistan

Leading report of molecular prevalence of tick borne Anaplasma marginale and Theileria ovis in yaks (Bos grunniens) from Pakistan

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of ticks and tick-borne pathogens from cattle in selected villages of Greater Letaba Municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa

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